Chapter 15

________ occurs when a criminal case is resolved through a negotiated agreement before a full trial is completed.

A plea bargain

In what type of law is the government always the plaintiff?

Criminal

Why is Marbury v. Madison (1803) an important case?

In this case, the justices authorized the Supreme Court to exercise judicial review over laws passed by Congress.

What is the main function of the chief justice of the Supreme Court?

The chief justice presides over the Court's public sessions and private conferences.

Why has partisan conflict surrounded federal judicial appointments in recent years?

The federal courts play an important role in shaping American law and politics.

Which of the following cases would always be heard in federal court?

a case involving the state of New York suing the state of New Hampshire over state highway maintenance

In recent years, federal court appointments have

been characterized by intense partisan and ideological efforts to support or defeat the candidate

Trial courts in the federal judicial system are called

district courts.

The power of the Supreme Court to review state actions and legislation is implied by

he supremacy clause of Article VI.

If someone is an advocate of the philosophy of judicial restraint, he or she believes

in looking only at the words of the Constitution in order to understand its meaning.

If a defendant is found not guilty in a criminal case, the government is

not entitled to appeal the verdict.

In a typical tort case,

one individual charges that he or she has been injured by another's negligence or malfeasance.

One example of ________ is the fact that a lawsuit filed by California against Nevada over river pollution goes directly before the Supreme Court.

original jurisdiction

Prior cases whose principles are used by judges to decide current cases are called

precedents.

Generally speaking, state defendants seeking a federal writ of habeas corpus must

show that they have exhausted all available state remedies and must raise issues not previously raised in their state appeals.