Chapter 16 and 17 patho
Which term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute
cardiac output
Which of the following statements is correct about cardiac output
cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke volume
Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the myocardium
causes a (+) inotropic effect
With which of the following is lubb dupp Associated
closing of heart valves
What causes S1 and S2
closure of the heart valves
Which of the following is correct valvular position when the atria are contracting
Both AV valves are open
Ventricular systole refers to
Contraction of the ventricular myocardium
What is the cause of the heart sounds lubb-dupp
Closing of the heart valves
Perkinje fibers
Conduct Electrical signal throughout the ventricles
Which of the following is the best description of Systole and diastole
Contraction and relaxation
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of a very rapid heart rate
Decreased ventricle are filing with blood
The pulmonic and aortic valves
are semilunar valves
Referring to the ECG the P-wave represents
atrial depolarization
Which of the following supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
coronary arteries
In which structure is the oxygen saturation highest
pulmonary veins
Which of the following is not part of coronary circulation
pulmonary veins
Which of the following sees oxygenated blood
pulmonary veins
Which structure sees oxygenated blood
pulmonary veins
Which of the following best describes the heart as a double pump
right and left
In which structure is oxygen saturation Lowest
right atrium
The pacemaker of the heart is located in the upper wall of the
right atrium
S2 is
second heart sound
A drug causes a (+) inotropic effect, a (-) dromotropic effect, and a (-) chronotropic effect. What drug response would you expect to observe
slow heart rate
Activation of muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine
slows heart rate
Which of the following best describes a pacemaker cell
spontaneous depolarization
Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and
stroke volume
What term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in one beat
stroke volume
Which group is incorrect?
structures that carry unoxygenated blood: right ventricle, venae cavae, pulmonary veins
Which of the following is not true of the heart
the pericardium is composed of actin and myosin
What happens during ventricular diastole
the ventricles are filling with blood
The purpose of the right heart is the pump blood
to the lungs for oxygenation
What is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts
tricuspid
During atrial systole the
ventricles are relaxed
During ventricular filling the
ventricles are relaxed
Starting law of the heart relates force of myocardial contraction with
A preload
Why may a racing heart 170 bmp cause chest pain
A racing heart decreases diastole the period When corner of blood flow is maximal
Which of the following is most likely to increase stroke volume
A(+) inotropic drug
The purpose of the structure is to delay the spread of the signal from the atrium to the ventricles
AV node
During ventricular contraction the
AV valves close in response to intraventricular pressure
Which of the following is most apt to induce An Autonomically induced Bradycardia
Activation of the muscarinic receptors
Which of the following is most related to lubb of the lubb dupp duo
All of the above
Which of the following is true of the myocardium
All of the above
Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase is the
All of the above are true
Which of the following describes starting law of the heart
All of the above are true
Which of the following is true regarding cardiac Blood flow
All of the above are true
Which of the following refers to a positive inotropic effects
An increased myocardial contractile force
Under what condition is good most likely to flow backwards
An insufficient mitral valve
Decreased blood flow to the coronary arteries is most likely to cause
Angina pectoris
The correct sequence is: blood Clothes from the pulmonary capillaries to the pulmonary veins to the left atrium to the left ventricle to the
Aorta
Cells that spontaneously depolarize from resting membrane potential to threshold potential
Are called pacemaker cells
The mitral and a bicuspid valve
Are the same valves
Which structure is not perfused by the blood that is pumped from the right ventricle to the left ventricle
aorta
Which of the following semilunar valves sees oxygenated blood
aortic
What is the significance of elevated plaza levekls of AST,CPK,LDH
Myocardial damage as a myocardial infarction
Which of the following is most true of S1
Occurs during the beginning of ventricular systole with the closure of the tricuspid and mitral valve's
Which of the following is descriptive of the Vegus nerve
Parasympathetic
Which of the following most accurately describes the Vegas nerve
Parasympathetic
Which group is incorrect?
Parts of the conduction system:SA NODE
Which sing like structure supports the heart rate
Pericardium
Which of the following is least likely to be used in the treatment of left ventricle failure and pulmonary edema
Peripheral vasoconstrictor such as norepinephrine levophed
Which of the following is responsible for the opening and closing of the heart valve
Pressure exerted on the valves of the heart contracts and relaxes
Both the semi lunar valve's
Prevent the backflow of blood from the aorta in the pulmonary artery into the ventricles
Vessel that carries blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium is the
Pulmonary veins
What are the Conducting fibers that rapidly spread electrical signal throughout the ventricles
Purkinje fibers
The semi lunar valve's
Receives blood from the contractor ventricles
Which of the following is a function of a valve
Regulates the direction of the flow of blood to the heart
Which of the following electrical events is caused by the outflow effluent of k
Reploarization
With which term is after the most associated
Resistance
Which structure is not refuse by blood that flows from the pulmonary capillaries to the aorta
Right atrium
Which of the following is not the result of the firing of the sympathetic nerves On the heart
Vaguely induced bradycardia
Heart rate is slowest if the pacemaker actively signal originates in the
Ventricular conducting cells
Which of the following must proceed and ventricular contraction
Ventricular depolarization
Heart rate and stroke volume determine
cardiac output
Milliliters per minute describes
cardiac output
Milliliters/beat x beats/minute defines
cardiac output
Furosemide (Lasix) a potent diuretic, is Administered in acute ventricular failure to
excrete excess water and relieve the edema
The aorta receives blood from the
left ventricle
What is the hardest working cardiac chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium
left ventricle
Which layer of the heart allows it to act as a pump
myocardium
Which layer of the heart has actin, myosin and intercalated discs
myocardium
The epicardium is a layer of the
pericardium
Which of the following is the same as end diastolic volume
preload
The right ventricle pumps blood to the
pulmonary artery
Which of the following structures sees unoxygenated blood
pulmonary artery
The correct sequence is blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery to the
pulmonary capillaries
Which of the following is most likely consequence of acute left ventricular failure
pulmonary edema
chordae tendineae are Not associated with this valve
aortic
Digoxin, a drug used in the treatment of heart failure, increases contractile force and is therefore called a
(+) inotropic agent
A patient in heart failure is given a drug that is classified as a beta, adrenergic agonist. The drug
-Activates the beta-adrenergic receptors and causes a (+) inotropic effect
Systole and diastole describe the function of the
Myocardium
Which of the following is most apt to cause a +inotropic effect
Use of a beta 1
A signal is generated by the S a node and is regularly discharge for the rest of the conduction system. which of the following best describes this activity
Automaticity and rhythmicity
Which of the following is approximately 70 ML
Average stroke volume
What is located at the second rib and fifth intercostal space
Base and apex of the heart
Which of the following drugs is sympathomietic
Beta 1 adrenergic agonist
Which of the following is most likely to relieve anxiety induced tachycardia
Beta 1 adrenergic blocker
Which of the following does not happen during ventricular Diastole
Blood is being pumped into the great vessels
Which of the following is a result of ventricular contraction
Blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and the aorta
With regard to a ventricular septal defect,
Blood shunts from the left to the right ventricle
What is the term for the sequence of events that occurred during one heartbeat
Cardiac cycle
normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
Cardiac impulse originates in the Sinoatrial node
And accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial space
Causes external compression of the heart
Ejection fraction of 30% is
Characteristic of a failing heart
Which structure connects the cusps of the AV valve to the ventricles
Chordae tendineae
The atrioventricular node AV node
Delays the electrical signal coming from the atria to the ventricles
Which of the following are these words most related electrical signal action potential cardiac impulse and nerve impulse
Depolarization and repolarization
Which of the following is responsible for the starling effect
EDV or preload
Which of the following defines a nodal rhythm
Electrical signal arises within the AV node
cor pulmonale refers to
Elevation and pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricle hypertrophy
With which term is preload synonymous
End-diastolic volume
Which of the following is most descriptive of the tricuspid valve
Entrance valve: right ventricle
With which of the following is inotropism most associated
Force of myocardial contraction
Which of the following is least of related to a Brady Cardia
Greater than 60 beats/min
Under what condition is end diastolic volume is most likely to increase while ejection fraction decreases
Heart failure
Which of the following defines cardiac output
Heart rate x stroke volume
Which of the following is located between the visceral and parietal Pericardium
I spaced that contains serious fluid
A drug that blocks the effects of the Vegas nerve
Increased heart rate
Digoxin exerts a - chronotropic effect and + inotropic effect
Increases heart rate and strengthens myocardial contraction
And increased preload
Increases stroke volume
Increased afterload Hypertension
Increases the work of the heart
Increase return of the blood to the heart stretches the muscle thereby
Increasing stroke volume
Which of the following is true of S2
Indicative of a gallop rhythm
Which of the following is true about the left ventricular myocardium
Is caused by sliding of actin and myosin
Atropine is anticholinergic and antimuscarinic and therefor
Is used to treat bradydysrhythmias Such as heart block and a prolonged PR interval
Which of the following is true of the aorta
It arises within the left ventricle
Which of the following best describes the function of the pulmonary artery
It carries unoxygenated blood to the pulmonary capillaries, where gas exchange occurs.
What structure is not perfused as blood flows from the vena cava to the pulmonary veins
Left anterior descending artery
Which of the following is that considered a great vessel
Left anterior descending artery
Which of the following is part of the blood flow to the heart
Left atrium
Into what structure does blood reflux as a consequence of an incompetent aortic semi lunar valve
Left ventricle
The heart
Lies within the mediastinal thoracic and ventral cavities
Which of the following is happening during atrial Systole
More than one of the above are true
Where does the cardiac action potential normally originate
SA node
The bicuspid and mitral valve
See only oxygenated blood
What does the following is least related to the mitral valve
Semi lunar
Vagal stimulation on the heart
Slows the heart rate
A change in preload causes a change in myocardial contractile force. This response is known as a
Starling's law of the heart
An increase in venous return causes an increase in cardiac output this is accomplished by
Starling's law of the heart
What is the term that refers to an increase in stroke volume in response to the stretching of the heart
Starling's law of the heart
Which of the following is descriptive of a drug that causes a +inotropic effect, a dromotropic effect, and a chronotropic
Sympathomimetic
What event Causes the pulmonic valve to open
The increase in the pressure within the right ventricle
Which of the following best indicates why the left ventricular myocardium is thicker than the right ventricular myocardium
The left ventricle works harder than the right ventricle
Which of the following is true regarding the mediastinum
The mediastinum is a space between the lungs.
What is the valvular response to the contraction of the ventricles
The pulmonic and aortic valves open
Describe the valvular response to the relaxation of the right ventricle
The tricuspid valve opens
What is the cause of ventricular hypertrophy
The ventricle is working too hard
Which of the following is least disruptive of the myocardium
Thicker in the left atrium than the right ventricle
Blood flows from the right atrium through which atrioventricle valve to the right ventricle
Tricuspid
Which of the following is least likely to increase cardiac output I drink when
Vagal discharge
Which of the following is this related to tachydysrhythmias
Vagal discharge
Under what condition will the AV node become the pacemaker
When it's rate of spontaneous depolarization exceeds that of the S a node
Which group is incorrect?
abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia, normal sinus rhythm
Which of the following is most likely to increase ejection fraction
activation of beta1 adrenergic receptors
Which of the following is least true of the aortic valve
blood flows from the ventricle through this valve into the pulmonary artery
A hole in the interventricular septum causes
blood to shunt from the left ventricle to the right ventricle
Excess vagal stimulation to the SA node is most likely to cause
bradycardia
Venodilation
decreases preload
Referring to the ECG the QRS complex represents ventricular
depolarization
Which of the following is an electrical event
depolarization
What are the two phases of the ventricular action potential cardiac impulse
depolarization and repolarization
Which of the following is an example of forward failure
diminished renal blood flow stimulates the kidney to decrease urinary output and to retain Na+ and water
Which of the following does not happen to a ventricle
discharge of the vagal nerve
Which of the following spaces does not contain the heart
dorsal cavity
When is coronary blood flow greatest?
during ventricular diastole
Vagal stimulation to the heart causes
heart rate to slow
cardiac output
heart rate x stroke volume
Which of the following is true of the structures of the electrical conduction system
in normal sinus rhythm, the electrical signal arises within the SA node
A stenotic aortic valve
increases afterload, thereby increasing the work of the left ventricle
Atropine, a muscarinic blocker
increases heart rate
Sympathetic stimulation to the heart
increases heart rate
Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscle thereby
increasing stroke volume
What are ventricles doing during atrial contraction
relaxing
Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and is therefore used to
relieve bradycardia
Most of the symptoms of acute left-sided heart failure are
respiratory in nature (e.g., dyspnea, orthopnea)
Which cavity first receives unoxygenated blood from the vena cava?
right atrium
Stenosis of which valve causes right ventricular hypertrophy?
right semilunar
Jugular vein distention is most associated with
right sided heart failure
In elevation and pulmonary artery pressure is most likely to cause
right ventricular hypertrophy
All of the following are electrical terms except
sarcomere
