Chapter 16 and 17 patho

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Which term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute

cardiac output

Which of the following statements is correct about cardiac output

cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke volume

Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the myocardium

causes a (+) inotropic effect

With which of the following is lubb dupp Associated

closing of heart valves

What causes S1 and S2

closure of the heart valves

Which of the following is correct valvular position when the atria are contracting

Both AV valves are open

Ventricular systole refers to

Contraction of the ventricular myocardium

What is the cause of the heart sounds lubb-dupp

Closing of the heart valves

Perkinje fibers

Conduct Electrical signal throughout the ventricles

Which of the following is the best description of Systole and diastole

Contraction and relaxation

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of a very rapid heart rate

Decreased ventricle are filing with blood

The pulmonic and aortic valves

are semilunar valves

Referring to the ECG the P-wave represents

atrial depolarization

Which of the following supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

coronary arteries

In which structure is the oxygen saturation highest

pulmonary veins

Which of the following is not part of coronary circulation

pulmonary veins

Which of the following sees oxygenated blood

pulmonary veins

Which structure sees oxygenated blood

pulmonary veins

Which of the following best describes the heart as a double pump

right and left

In which structure is oxygen saturation Lowest

right atrium

The pacemaker of the heart is located in the upper wall of the

right atrium

S2 is

second heart sound

A drug causes a (+) inotropic effect, a (-) dromotropic effect, and a (-) chronotropic effect. What drug response would you expect to observe

slow heart rate

Activation of muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine

slows heart rate

Which of the following best describes a pacemaker cell

spontaneous depolarization

Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and

stroke volume

What term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in one beat

stroke volume

Which group is incorrect?

structures that carry unoxygenated blood: right ventricle, venae cavae, pulmonary veins

Which of the following is not true of the heart

the pericardium is composed of actin and myosin

What happens during ventricular diastole

the ventricles are filling with blood

The purpose of the right heart is the pump blood

to the lungs for oxygenation

What is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts

tricuspid

During atrial systole the

ventricles are relaxed

During ventricular filling the

ventricles are relaxed

Starting law of the heart relates force of myocardial contraction with

A preload

Why may a racing heart 170 bmp cause chest pain

A racing heart decreases diastole the period When corner of blood flow is maximal

Which of the following is most likely to increase stroke volume

A(+) inotropic drug

The purpose of the structure is to delay the spread of the signal from the atrium to the ventricles

AV node

During ventricular contraction the

AV valves close in response to intraventricular pressure

Which of the following is most apt to induce An Autonomically induced Bradycardia

Activation of the muscarinic receptors

Which of the following is most related to lubb of the lubb dupp duo

All of the above

Which of the following is true of the myocardium

All of the above

Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase is the

All of the above are true

Which of the following describes starting law of the heart

All of the above are true

Which of the following is true regarding cardiac Blood flow

All of the above are true

Which of the following refers to a positive inotropic effects

An increased myocardial contractile force

Under what condition is good most likely to flow backwards

An insufficient mitral valve

Decreased blood flow to the coronary arteries is most likely to cause

Angina pectoris

The correct sequence is: blood Clothes from the pulmonary capillaries to the pulmonary veins to the left atrium to the left ventricle to the

Aorta

Cells that spontaneously depolarize from resting membrane potential to threshold potential

Are called pacemaker cells

The mitral and a bicuspid valve

Are the same valves

Which structure is not perfused by the blood that is pumped from the right ventricle to the left ventricle

aorta

Which of the following semilunar valves sees oxygenated blood

aortic

What is the significance of elevated plaza levekls of AST,CPK,LDH

Myocardial damage as a myocardial infarction

Which of the following is most true of S1

Occurs during the beginning of ventricular systole with the closure of the tricuspid and mitral valve's

Which of the following is descriptive of the Vegus nerve

Parasympathetic

Which of the following most accurately describes the Vegas nerve

Parasympathetic

Which group is incorrect?

Parts of the conduction system:SA NODE

Which sing like structure supports the heart rate

Pericardium

Which of the following is least likely to be used in the treatment of left ventricle failure and pulmonary edema

Peripheral vasoconstrictor such as norepinephrine levophed

Which of the following is responsible for the opening and closing of the heart valve

Pressure exerted on the valves of the heart contracts and relaxes

Both the semi lunar valve's

Prevent the backflow of blood from the aorta in the pulmonary artery into the ventricles

Vessel that carries blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium is the

Pulmonary veins

What are the Conducting fibers that rapidly spread electrical signal throughout the ventricles

Purkinje fibers

The semi lunar valve's

Receives blood from the contractor ventricles

Which of the following is a function of a valve

Regulates the direction of the flow of blood to the heart

Which of the following electrical events is caused by the outflow effluent of k

Reploarization

With which term is after the most associated

Resistance

Which structure is not refuse by blood that flows from the pulmonary capillaries to the aorta

Right atrium

Which of the following is not the result of the firing of the sympathetic nerves On the heart

Vaguely induced bradycardia

Heart rate is slowest if the pacemaker actively signal originates in the

Ventricular conducting cells

Which of the following must proceed and ventricular contraction

Ventricular depolarization

Heart rate and stroke volume determine

cardiac output

Milliliters per minute describes

cardiac output

Milliliters/beat x beats/minute defines

cardiac output

Furosemide (Lasix) a potent diuretic, is Administered in acute ventricular failure to

excrete excess water and relieve the edema

The aorta receives blood from the

left ventricle

What is the hardest working cardiac chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium

left ventricle

Which layer of the heart allows it to act as a pump

myocardium

Which layer of the heart has actin, myosin and intercalated discs

myocardium

The epicardium is a layer of the

pericardium

Which of the following is the same as end diastolic volume

preload

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

pulmonary artery

Which of the following structures sees unoxygenated blood

pulmonary artery

The correct sequence is blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery to the

pulmonary capillaries

Which of the following is most likely consequence of acute left ventricular failure

pulmonary edema

chordae tendineae are Not associated with this valve

aortic

Digoxin, a drug used in the treatment of heart failure, increases contractile force and is therefore called a

(+) inotropic agent

A patient in heart failure is given a drug that is classified as a beta, adrenergic agonist. The drug

-Activates the beta-adrenergic receptors and causes a (+) inotropic effect

Systole and diastole describe the function of the

Myocardium

Which of the following is most apt to cause a +inotropic effect

Use of a beta 1

A signal is generated by the S a node and is regularly discharge for the rest of the conduction system. which of the following best describes this activity

Automaticity and rhythmicity

Which of the following is approximately 70 ML

Average stroke volume

What is located at the second rib and fifth intercostal space

Base and apex of the heart

Which of the following drugs is sympathomietic

Beta 1 adrenergic agonist

Which of the following is most likely to relieve anxiety induced tachycardia

Beta 1 adrenergic blocker

Which of the following does not happen during ventricular Diastole

Blood is being pumped into the great vessels

Which of the following is a result of ventricular contraction

Blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and the aorta

With regard to a ventricular septal defect,

Blood shunts from the left to the right ventricle

What is the term for the sequence of events that occurred during one heartbeat

Cardiac cycle

normal sinus rhythm (NSR)

Cardiac impulse originates in the Sinoatrial node

And accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial space

Causes external compression of the heart

Ejection fraction of 30% is

Characteristic of a failing heart

Which structure connects the cusps of the AV valve to the ventricles

Chordae tendineae

The atrioventricular node AV node

Delays the electrical signal coming from the atria to the ventricles

Which of the following are these words most related electrical signal action potential cardiac impulse and nerve impulse

Depolarization and repolarization

Which of the following is responsible for the starling effect

EDV or preload

Which of the following defines a nodal rhythm

Electrical signal arises within the AV node

cor pulmonale refers to

Elevation and pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricle hypertrophy

With which term is preload synonymous

End-diastolic volume

Which of the following is most descriptive of the tricuspid valve

Entrance valve: right ventricle

With which of the following is inotropism most associated

Force of myocardial contraction

Which of the following is least of related to a Brady Cardia

Greater than 60 beats/min

Under what condition is end diastolic volume is most likely to increase while ejection fraction decreases

Heart failure

Which of the following defines cardiac output

Heart rate x stroke volume

Which of the following is located between the visceral and parietal Pericardium

I spaced that contains serious fluid

A drug that blocks the effects of the Vegas nerve

Increased heart rate

Digoxin exerts a - chronotropic effect and + inotropic effect

Increases heart rate and strengthens myocardial contraction

And increased preload

Increases stroke volume

Increased afterload Hypertension

Increases the work of the heart

Increase return of the blood to the heart stretches the muscle thereby

Increasing stroke volume

Which of the following is true of S2

Indicative of a gallop rhythm

Which of the following is true about the left ventricular myocardium

Is caused by sliding of actin and myosin

Atropine is anticholinergic and antimuscarinic and therefor

Is used to treat bradydysrhythmias Such as heart block and a prolonged PR interval

Which of the following is true of the aorta

It arises within the left ventricle

Which of the following best describes the function of the pulmonary artery

It carries unoxygenated blood to the pulmonary capillaries, where gas exchange occurs.

What structure is not perfused as blood flows from the vena cava to the pulmonary veins

Left anterior descending artery

Which of the following is that considered a great vessel

Left anterior descending artery

Which of the following is part of the blood flow to the heart

Left atrium

Into what structure does blood reflux as a consequence of an incompetent aortic semi lunar valve

Left ventricle

The heart

Lies within the mediastinal thoracic and ventral cavities

Which of the following is happening during atrial Systole

More than one of the above are true

Where does the cardiac action potential normally originate

SA node

The bicuspid and mitral valve

See only oxygenated blood

What does the following is least related to the mitral valve

Semi lunar

Vagal stimulation on the heart

Slows the heart rate

A change in preload causes a change in myocardial contractile force. This response is known as a

Starling's law of the heart

An increase in venous return causes an increase in cardiac output this is accomplished by

Starling's law of the heart

What is the term that refers to an increase in stroke volume in response to the stretching of the heart

Starling's law of the heart

Which of the following is descriptive of a drug that causes a +inotropic effect, a dromotropic effect, and a chronotropic

Sympathomimetic

What event Causes the pulmonic valve to open

The increase in the pressure within the right ventricle

Which of the following best indicates why the left ventricular myocardium is thicker than the right ventricular myocardium

The left ventricle works harder than the right ventricle

Which of the following is true regarding the mediastinum

The mediastinum is a space between the lungs.

What is the valvular response to the contraction of the ventricles

The pulmonic and aortic valves open

Describe the valvular response to the relaxation of the right ventricle

The tricuspid valve opens

What is the cause of ventricular hypertrophy

The ventricle is working too hard

Which of the following is least disruptive of the myocardium

Thicker in the left atrium than the right ventricle

Blood flows from the right atrium through which atrioventricle valve to the right ventricle

Tricuspid

Which of the following is least likely to increase cardiac output I drink when

Vagal discharge

Which of the following is this related to tachydysrhythmias

Vagal discharge

Under what condition will the AV node become the pacemaker

When it's rate of spontaneous depolarization exceeds that of the S a node

Which group is incorrect?

abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia, normal sinus rhythm

Which of the following is most likely to increase ejection fraction

activation of beta1 adrenergic receptors

Which of the following is least true of the aortic valve

blood flows from the ventricle through this valve into the pulmonary artery

A hole in the interventricular septum causes

blood to shunt from the left ventricle to the right ventricle

Excess vagal stimulation to the SA node is most likely to cause

bradycardia

Venodilation

decreases preload

Referring to the ECG the QRS complex represents ventricular

depolarization

Which of the following is an electrical event

depolarization

What are the two phases of the ventricular action potential cardiac impulse

depolarization and repolarization

Which of the following is an example of forward failure

diminished renal blood flow stimulates the kidney to decrease urinary output and to retain Na+ and water

Which of the following does not happen to a ventricle

discharge of the vagal nerve

Which of the following spaces does not contain the heart

dorsal cavity

When is coronary blood flow greatest?

during ventricular diastole

Vagal stimulation to the heart causes

heart rate to slow

cardiac output

heart rate x stroke volume

Which of the following is true of the structures of the electrical conduction system

in normal sinus rhythm, the electrical signal arises within the SA node

A stenotic aortic valve

increases afterload, thereby increasing the work of the left ventricle

Atropine, a muscarinic blocker

increases heart rate

Sympathetic stimulation to the heart

increases heart rate

Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscle thereby

increasing stroke volume

What are ventricles doing during atrial contraction

relaxing

Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and is therefore used to

relieve bradycardia

Most of the symptoms of acute left-sided heart failure are

respiratory in nature (e.g., dyspnea, orthopnea)

Which cavity first receives unoxygenated blood from the vena cava?

right atrium

Stenosis of which valve causes right ventricular hypertrophy?

right semilunar

Jugular vein distention is most associated with

right sided heart failure

In elevation and pulmonary artery pressure is most likely to cause

right ventricular hypertrophy

All of the following are electrical terms except

sarcomere


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