Chapter 16 Care of Patients Experiencing Urgent Alterations in Health / FAHN

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

(CPR) basic emergency procedure for life support, consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage

CAB

(Circulation, airway, breathing) mnemonic for assessing status of emergency patients: circulation, airway, breathing; used in one-or two-rescuer CPR

Contusions

An injury that does not break the skin, it is caused by a blow, and is characterized by edema discoloration, and pain.

A car accident victim was ejected from the car. It has been determined that his airway needs to be opened. What is the most appropriate method for the rescuer to use? a. Jaw thrust/chin lift b. Head tilt-chin lift c. Flexed position d. Modified head tilt-chin lift

Jaw thrust/chin lift If a neck injury is suspected, the jaw thrust/chin lift is used, If neck injury is suspected, the head tilt-chin lift produces hyperextension of the neck and could cause complications. A flexed position is an inappropriate position to open an airway.

Ecchymoses

Discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by the extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissues. Also called bruise.

Emergency medical services (EMS)

National

Air embolism

An abnormal circulatory condition in which air travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

When performing chest compressions on a child, the breastbone is compressed to the depth of: a. 0.5 inch b. 1.5 inch c. 2 inches d. 2.5 inches

b. 1.5 inch

Brain death

Irreversible form of unconsciousness characterized by a complete loss of brain function while the heart continue to beat. The legal definition of this condition varies from state to state.

Clinical death

Occurs when heartbeat and respiration have ceased.

Biological death

Results from permanent cellular damage caused by a lack of oxygen

Cardiac arrest

Sudden cessation of functional circulation

Older adults are at risk for drug overdose. What is the main physiologic change of aging that can lead to overdose? a. Hearing b. Eyesight c. Weakness d. Smell

b. Eyesight

Cyanosis

Slightly bluish, gray slatelike, or dark purple discoloration of the skin resulting from the presence of abnormally reduced amounts of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood.

Crepitus

Sound that resembles the crackling noise heard when rubbing hair between the fingers or throwing salt on an open rubbing hair between the fingers or throwing salt on an open fire. It is associated with gas gangrene, the rubbing of bone fragments, or the crackles of a consolidated area of the lung in pneumonia.

From the following list, what are the events that require CPR? Select all that apply. a. Drowning b. Hypothermia c. Asphyxiation d. Heatstroke e. Sudden infant death syndrome

a. Drowning c. Asphyxiation e. Sudden infant death syndrome Events that require the rescuer to assess the ABCs of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and initiate necessary interventions include cardiac arrest, drowning, electrical shock, anaphylactic reaction, asphyxiation, drug overdose, and sudden infant death syndrome. CPR may not always be required with hypothermia or heatstroke.

Upon entering the room of a female patient, the nurse assesses her to be unresponsive, not breathing, and with no pulse, and immediately calls for assistance. What is the next nursing action? a. Call the physician b. Begin chest compressions c. Apply oxygen d. Open the patient's airway

b. Begin chest compressions

A mother calls her friend who is a nurse and says that her child has ingested furniture polish. What should the nurse tell the mother to do? a. Take the child to the emergency room b. Call the Poison Control Center c. Call 911 for an ambulance d. Give ipecac syrup to induce vomiting

b. Call the Poison Control Center

The nurse is caring for a patient with a suspected fracture of his right arm. What is the most appropriate nursing action? a. Trying to realign the bone b. Immobilizing by splinting the bone as is c. Assessing circulation above the injury d. If the skin is broken, allowing injury to bleed

b. Immobilizing by splinting the bone as is

The nurse is caring for an adult patient with severe burns covering his face, anterior of his chest, and anterior and posterior of both his arms. Using the Rule of Nines, what percentage of this body patient's body is burned? a. 50% b. 60% c. 40.5% d.45%

c. 40.5%

What is the most commonly abused drug in the world? a. Illegal drugs b. Prescriptions medications c. Alcohol d. Over-the-counter medications

c. Alcohol Alcohol, a CNS depressant, is the most commonly abused drug in the world. It is easily available, and causes many adverse reactions, even death.

A patient comes into the emergency department with an open wound on the right leg. There is a large piece of tissue missing, leaving the tendon and muscles exposed. This is an example of which type of open wound? a. Laceration b. Incision c. Avulsion d. Puncture

c. Avulsion An avulsion is a torn piece of tissue that results in a section being completely removed or left hanging by a flap. Underlying bones, tendons, or muscles may be exposed. A laceration is a wound that has jagged, irregular edges caused by auto accidents, blunt objects, or heavy machinery. An incision is a smoothly divided wound made by sharp instruments. A puncture is a piercing wound of the skin caused by knives, nails, wood, glass, or other objects that penetrate the skin.