Chapter 16 Geography

Which meaning fits best with the term Anti-Lebanon Mountains? Explain.

"opposite," because the Anti-Lebanon Mountains lie opposite of the Lebanon Mountains

Christians of various sects make up about 40 percent of the total population in A.Lebanon. B.Syria. C.Israel. D.Jordan.

.Lebanon.

The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN) is an organization that works to A.reduce air pollution. B.address Israel's severe water shortage. C.protect Lebanon's cedar forests. D.outlaw semi-automatic hunting weapons in Jordan.

.outlaw semi-automatic hunting weapons in Jordan.

Lebanon was once almost completely covered by forests but by 2012 only ____ was still forested

5%

Why is a valley, rather than a mountain, formed with the separation of tectonic plates?

A mountain would be formed by tectonic plates crashing together and raising the land. When the plates separate, the land moves downward and forms a valley.

Under which category do the terms kibbutz and moshav best fit?

Agriculture

The highest in the ________ Mountain range is Mount _______ which is famous skiing

Anti-Lebanon; Hermon

The ethnic and religious composition of the Eastern Mediterranean region with the exception of Israel is primarily...

Arab

The ethnic group that makes up most of the population in Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan...

Arab

Why do most of the people live along coastal plains?

Because of the dry desert climate; access to water and trade

How have the nations of the subregion utilized their respective cultural histories to boost their local economies?

By promoting tourism

The prized ______ of Lebanon have been the target of an international campaign to protect them from destruction but few remain today.

Cedar forests

What happened after World War 11 that affected both population and politics?

Conflicts arose in Israel between Jewish and Arab ethnic groups

Identify the major river that has supported agricultural activities in modern day Syria for nearly 7,000 years...

Euphrates

The two major rivers in the subregion are the _________ and the ________

Euphrates; Jordan

T or F: Most of Lebanon's agricultural activity occurs along the highly populated Anti-Lebanon mountain range due to the nutrient rich soil conditions there.

F

T or F: The Jordan River flows through all the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean subregion, but it is not as vital as the Dead Sea in terms of agricultural and economic importance.

F

After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire which European colonial powers divided the Eastern Mediterranean?

France and Great Britain

A political party holding to Islamic beliefs...

Hamas

Why have more roads been constructed?

Has increased economic development and a greater of vehicles

A paramilitary group determined to eliminate Israel...

Hezbollah

Tensions over Arab opposition to Israel and Israel's concern for its security have led to military conflicts involving Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and an anti-Israel paramilitary group known as A.Palestine. B.Hamas. C.Hezbollah. D.Muslims.

Hezbollah.

Which statement describes the result of a government ban on hunting in Lebanon in 1994? A.Bird populations increased. B.Hunting laws were ignored. C.Migratory patterns changed. D.The Aammiq Wetland was preserved.

Hunting laws were ignored.

What rights do women have in the subregion?

In some areas women have equal rights, in other they have few opportunities outside the house

What is the importance of the Straits of Tiran?

Is a strategic and economic important waterway that links Gulf of Aqaba to Red Sea

Hebrew and Arabic are both official languages in A.Lebanon. B.Israel. C.Jordan. D.Syria.

Israel.

Which of the following describes the Dead Sea? A.It is located in Syria. B.It is the largest body of water in the northern hemisphere. C.It is the lowest body of water on Earth. D.It is used for irrigation and agriculture.

It is the lowest body of water on Earth.

How does the Mediterranean Sea affects the economy of the subregion?

It is vital to the subregion with loading and unloading cargo

What was an effect of the 1947 UN action to divide the former Ottoman and British colony of Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state.

Jews accepted the plan forming the independent state of Israel while Arab Palestinians rejected it

One of the most important rivers of the Eastern Mediterranean flowing through all the states in the subregion...

Jordan

Which of the following regions or countries does NOT benefit from mineral resources? A.the Negev Desert B.the Galilee Mountains C.Syria D.Jordan

Jordan

An Eastern Mediterranean landform created by tectonic activity, featuring the Dead Sea, the lowest elevation on Earth's surface...

Jordan Rift Valley

The Eastern Mediterranean subregion includes 4 countries....

Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Israel

Which religion established the concept of monotheism?

Judaism

What are the three major religions that developed in the Eastern Mediterranean and what idea do they share?

Judaism, Christianity and Islam; all believe in Monotheism

a communal farm or settlement in Israel

Kibbutz

Why are some Eastern mediterranean economies such as Syria and Jordan less developed than others such as Lebanon and especially Israel?

Lack of economic diversity uneven distribution of critical natural resources

What is the biggest factor that limits agriculture in the Eastern Mediterranean?

Lack of water, due to the dry climate and limited river systems

Which of the following problems is NOT an example of the irreversible impacts of desertification? A.Land becomes more valuable. B.Aquifers become dried out. C.Flora and fauna species can become extinct. D.Land can become unusable.

Land becomes more valuable.

Identify the Eastern Mediterranean nation whose mountainous terrain most extensively effects population distribution and economic activities...

Lebanon

In 2011 _______ put a clean air law into effect and _______ began a project to manage marine and coastal biodiversity

Lebanon;United Nations

What practical step could local governments of Eastern Mediterranean countries take to control air pollution?

Manage urban development

A type of climate common to coastal areas of the region in which summers are hot and dry and winters are mild and rainy...

Mediterranean

The features of the ______ climate include hot dry summers and mild rainy winters

Mediterranean

Which of the following climates in the Eastern Mediterranean supports the growth of citrus fruits, olives, apples, apricots, and grapes? A.Mediterranean B.semi-arid C.highland D.subtropical

Mediterranean

belief in one God

Monotheism

Through numerous international organizations and NGOs have proposed projects to address environmental problems in the Eastern Mediterranean they are not taken seriously because....

Most are underfunded

Which describes a population patterns of Eastern mediterranean?

Most people live along coastal areas

A religious teacher who established the Islamic religion...

Muhammad

Two deserts in the of the Eastern Mediterranean include...

Negev and Syrian

Where is the most recent discovery of significant energy resources?

Offshore region of Israel

What is a primary service industry and why?

One is tourism is profitable, it attracts visitors with some of its unique monuments

What are some of the influences on art and architecture?

One major influence is religion and old literature especially from some Roman culture

How are overgrazing and desertification related?

Overgrazing is a cause of desertification

Soon after World War II, armed conflicts broke out among Jewish and Arab ethnic groups in A.Lebanon. B.Syria. C.Israel. D. Palestine.

Palestine.

A stateless nation that is comprised of Muslim Arabs engaged in a long conflict over land with Israel...

Palestinian people

person believed to be a messenger from God

Prophet

The Gulf of Aqaba connects the eastern mediterranean countries with the ______ and _______

Red Sea; Indian Ocean

Which is an example of successful human intervention to protect the environment of the Eastern Mediterranean?

Reintroduction and legal protection of the Arabian oryx and its habitat

The Jordan ________ was formed on Jordan's western border by the separation of two _______

Rift valley; tectonic plates

The gravel ______ occupies the eastern areas of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Iraq

Syrian Desert

How did the Arab Spring affect Syria and Jordan?

Syrians rebelled against Bashar al-Assad's rule Jordan did not experience an Arab Spring; only protected lower food and gas prices

T or F: A kibbutz is a single communal farm or settlement in Israel while a moshav is a cooperative settlement of multiple farms.

T

T or F: The Dead Sea, located in the Jordan Rift Valley is the lowest point on the Earth's land surface.

T

T or F: The Eastern Mediterranean subregion comprises Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, and Palestinian territories.

T

Which river provides water to all of Syria?

The Euphrates River

Which water body connects the Eastern Mediterranean nations with the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to the south?

The Gulf of Aqaba

What happened after world war 1 that affected the subregion politically?

The Ottoman Empire fell and the area was divided between France and Britain

What encourages invasive species that have harmed marine ecosystems of the Eastern Mediterranean?

The Suez Canal which provides an entry point for invaders

Why do most people in the Eastern Mediterranean live along the coast?

The coastal climate is more moderate than that of inland desert regions, and the land there is more suitable for agriculture due to higher rainfall

Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon have populations that are each over 90% Arab, while Israel's populations is about 75% Jewish. What can you conclude from this data?

The populations in each of the region's countries is greatly influenced by ethnicity

The World Wildlife Fund is carrying out a campaign to protect _____ in Lebanon

The soil in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains is thin and not good for agriculture, which has limited settlement.

What risks are involved in using large quantities of water for agriculture?

The water supply will decrease and will not be able to support the population's drinking water needs; The rivers will become so low that they will no longer remain navigable.

What do overfishing, invasive species, climate change, and agricultural pollution all have in common?

They are examples of how human activity impacts the Eastern Mediterranean marine ecosystem

A part of the Hebrew bible containing sacred writings and the books of the prophets...

Torah

Judaism teaches God's laws as described in the Hebrew bible, which includes the A.Torah. B.Quran. C.Old Testament. D.Makkah.

Torah.

Unplanned ______ is a leading cause of increased air pollution across the subregion, in part due to the use of old vehicles and lack of fossil fuel use regulations.

Urbanization

The Jordanian government is actively seeking to improve its management of natural resources by educating people about the country's severe _______ problem.

Water shortage

Generalize the social status trends of women in the Arab nations of the Eastern Mediterranean.

Women have fewer rights and opportunities than men, but in some instances and regions they are slowly gaining more rights

To the east of the coastal country, some of Syria's major cities lie on steppes, which are A.formed by shifting tectonic plates. B.below sea level. C.a semi-arid region. D.characterized by a large plateau.

a semi-arid region.

Israel's government supports kibbutz and moshav communitites, which are communities based on A.agriculture. B.mining. C.fishing. D.industry.

agriculture.

The use of old vehicles in cities and burning fossil fuels and wood for hear has caused dangerous levels of ________

air pollution

The dry, desert climate causes the majority of people in the Eastern Mediterranean to live A.in mountain regions. B.in inland regions. C.along coastal plains. D.in the Golan Heights.

along coastal plains.

A type of land that is suitable for farming...

arable

What is the dominant climate of the Eastern Mediterranean?

arid and semi arid

The World Wildlife Fund is carrying out a campaign to protect _____ in Lebanon

cedar trees

In 2003 the World Wildlife Fund began a campaign to protect A.cedar trees from fire and destruction from overgrazing. B.the Mediterranean Sea from agricultural runoff. C.the use of sustainable fishing methods. D.the Arabian oryx.

cedar trees from fire and destruction from overgrazing.

In Syria and Jordan desertification has contributed to _______

climate change

Due to the drier, more desert like conditions to the east, the highest population centers of the Eastern Mediterranean are located in/along...

coastal plains

Differentiate the climates of coastal and inland subregions of Eastern Mediterranean nations...

coastal subregions have a Mediterranean climate while inland areas have semi-arid steppe and or arid desert conditions

The lowest body of Earth is the ________

dead sea

A loss of vegetation in wooded areas sometimes caused by fires and leading to erosion and desertification...

deforestation

Two factors that cause desertification include ______ and _______

deforestation; overgrazing

Why are Mediterranean commercial fishers turning to deep-sea habitats as a new source of fish? A.unregulated burning of fossil fuels B.depletion of freshwater wetlands C.heat waves in the subregion D.depletion of fish in the continental shelf

depletion of fish in the continental shelf

Which of the following is NOT a cause of air pollution in the Eastern Mediterranean subregion? A.urbanization B.transportation C.depletion of wetlands D.unregulated burning of fossil fuels

depletion of wetlands

Israel has augmented its limited natural freshwater resources by using _______ to make seawater drinkable.

desalination

The process of removing salt from seawater so that it is drinkable...

desalination

A harmful effect of erosion and deforestation where soil conditions supporting vegetation is lost...

desertification

______ is the process in which arable land, or land suitable for farming is gradually lost due to erosion and deforestation.

desertification

International organizations are addressing _______, ________ use of water, ______ and threats to marine _________

desertification; unsustainable; biodiversity; ecosystems

The Jordanian government has begun a program of ______ in schools to address the severe water shortage

environmental education

An agricultural chemical used to improve crop growth that may become a water pollutant if washed into oceans, rivers, or bodies of freshwater...

fertilizer

a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility

fertilizer

Chemicals used to promote crop growth called ______ become pollutants when they are washed away into areas where they do harm, such as sources of drinking water and habitats of marine life.

fertilizers

An interesting feature of the highly salty waters of the Dead Sea is that bathers can...

float without swimming

In the early 1900s, the Ottomans pursued a policy of very aggressive deforestation in order to A.compete with global lumber markets. B.clear areas for farmland. C.use trees for arts and crafts. D.fuel their railways and compete with industrialized Europe.

fuel their railways and compete with industrialized Europe.

As one moves inland from the coast, the climate changes from A.Mediterranean to semi-arid. B.humid subtropical to semi-arid steppe and arid desert. C.arid desert to Mediterranean. D.humid subtropical to continental.

humid subtropical to semi-arid steppe and arid desert.

The Israeli Clean Air Law came into effect in 2011 in an effort to A.protect marine environments. B.improve air quality and protect biodiversity. C.save government money that was spent on environmental protection. D.protect the air from outside sources of pollution.

improve air quality and protect biodiversity.

Which of the following environmental challenges is responsible for damaging Eastern Mediterranean reefs? A.invasive fish from the Red Sea B.overfishing C.air pollution D.urbanization

invasive fish from the Red Sea

Lake Tiberias is an important freshwater source for _____ in Israel

irrigation

What is the most important role of rivers in the Eastern Mediterranean?

irrigation

The economy of _________ is the most diversified among the nations of the subregion

israel

A communal Israeli farm or settlement...

kibbutz

In Israel farmers work in two types of farming communities known as the ______ and the ______

kibbutz;moshav

A belief in one God, common to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam...

monotheism

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all share a belief in A.prophets. B.the Old Testament. C.monotheism. D.the Torah.

monotheism.

A group or small individual Israeli farms forming a single community...

moshav

a cooperative settlement of small individual farms in Israel

moshav

A Muslim house of worship...

mosque

Islamic house of worship...

mosque

in Islam, a house of worship

mosque

Economic growth in the Eastern Mediterranean has NOT depended on which of the following factors? A.manufacturing B.mineral deposits C.oil D.agriculture

oil

Large reserves of _______ and _______ were recently discovered below the waters of the Mediterranean Sea

oil; natural gas

Precipitation in the Eastern Mediterranean falls primarily...

on the western edge of the region

Among the environmental problems that face the Mediterranean Sea are ________, __________ and a ride in _________

overfishing;contamination;sea surface temperatures

A major cause of loss of arable land is ________ which depletes vegetation and causes erosion.

overgrazing

The depletion of ground vegetation by livestock to the point that erosion may cause desertification...

overgrazing

grazing so heavily that the vegetation is damaged and the ground erodes

overgrazing

A chemical used to kill or repel unwanted insects or animals also a major water pollutant...

pesticide

a chemical used to kill insects, rodents, and other pests

pesticide

Runoff of chemicals called ________ that are used in the agricultural industry to kill unwanted insects or rodents have limited the use of the Mediterranean Sea as a water source.

pesticides

A person believed to be a divine messenger, such as Abraham...

prophet

One who is believed to have delivered messages from God such as Abraham...

prophet

The Euphrates River is important to the region's economy because it A.is a popular tourist destination in Israel. B.provides the entire country of Syria with water. C.flows through all of the countries in the Eastern Mediterranean. D.forms a natural border between Jordan and the West Bank.

provides the entire country of Syria with water.

An elongated lowland created by the separation of tectonic plates...

rift valley

a valley formed by the separation of tectonic plates

rift valley

After 1990, nearly 900,000 immigrants went to Israel from A.Palestine. B.Lebanon. C.Jordan. D.Russia.

russia

Many economies of the Eastern Mediterranean subregion have been slow to develop due to...

scarcity or uneven distribution of natural resources such as oil, natural gas, and especially water

The interior areas of the Eastern Mediterranean subregion are characterized by ______ steppe and arid climate zones

semi-arid

Israel's growing high-tech sector accounts for a large share of which industry? A.tourism B.service C.agriculture D.transportation

service

Water pollution in the Mediterranean Sea is caused by ________, _______ and the use of _______ and _______ in agriculture

sewage;oil spills;fertilizers;pesticides

Overgrazing has led to desertification, deforestation, and A.increased food prices. B.industrialization. C.soil erosion. D.unregulated tourism.

soil erosion

An ethnic group such as the Palestinians that has no formal country...

stateless nation

an ethnic group without a formal country

stateless nation

The French term "Levant," used to describe the Eastern Mediterranean subregion, refers to the A.rocky, rugged terrain. B.sun rising in the East. C.steep mountain ranges. D.high lava plains and steppes.

sun rising in the East

Which of the following bodies of water forms a natural border between Jordan and the Israeli-occupied West Bank? A.the Gulf of Aqaba B.the Euphrates River C.Lake al-Assad D.the Jordan River

the Jordan River

Followers of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have a shared belief in...

the concept of monotheism

A rift valley is formed by _________

the separation of tectonic plates

The Anti-Lebanon mountains have a low population density because of A.the region's cold temperatures. B.their thin soil that is not useful for farming. C.rainfall that causes flash flooding. D.frequent movement of tectonic plates.

their thin soil that is not useful for farming.

The biggest factor contributing to the varied levels of economic development across the Eastern Mediterranean subregion is the...

uneven distribution of natural resources such as oil and natural gas

During a flash flood a _____ fills with water and may produce dangerous mudflow

wadis

The _____ of the subregion are an important stopping place for over 250 species of ________ birds

wetlands;migratory