Chapter 17: Review Questions

What is the primary difference between a chemical bond and an attraction between two molecules?

A chemical bond is many times stronger than an attraction between molecules.

What is a dipole?

A dipole is an uneven distribution of electrons in a bond caused by a difference in electronegativity between two atoms.

To become an negative ion, does an atom lose or gain electrons?

A gain of electrons causes a negatively charged ion.

Which would you describe as "sticker"; a polar molecule or. a non polar one?

A polar molecule is stickier.

What is an alloy?

An alloy is a mixture composed of two or more metallic elements.

How can a molecule be non polar when it consists of atoms that have different electronegativities?

Dipoles that are equal and opposing each other cancel each other out.

What do the electron-dot structures of elements in the same group in the periodic table have in common with each other?

Electron dot structures of elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons.

Which elements tend to form ionic bonds?

Elements on opposite sides of the periodic table tend to form ionic bonds.

Which elements tend to form covalent bonds?

Elements that tend to form covalent bonds are primarily non-metallic elements.

Which element in the periodic table has the greatest electronegativity? Which has the least electronegativity?

Fluorine has the greatest electronegativity and Francium has the smallest electronegativity.

Why doe the fluorine atom tend to gain only one electron?

Fluorine only has room for one more electron in its outermost shell.

Do metals more readily gain or lose electrons?

Metals tend to lose electrons.

Are induced dipoles permanent?

No, induced dipoles are only temporary. They only occur (are induced) when they are in close proximity to a water molecule or another dipole.

What kind of force holds two atoms together within an ionic bond?

The electrical force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

How many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?

Two electrons are shared per covalent bond, so four are shared in a double covalent bond.