Chapter 17/Practice HW for Test #5/ Microbiology

Tetanus and botulism are similar in that both diseases :

1. Are caused by Clostridium species Correct 2. Are intoxications (symptoms of disease due to toxins produced by bacteria) Correct 3. Can be transmitted by dirty needles (wound) Correct

Compare and contrast the two forms of poliovirus vaccine by completing each sentence. Then, arrange the sentences in a logical sequence.

1. Poliomyelitis is an acute enteroviral infection of the spinal cord that causes neuromuscular paralysis. 2. In the past, this disease often affected small children and was called infantile paralysis. 3. Because of this, vaccination is a mainstay of polio prevention today, and is started in infants at about 2 months of age. 4. There are two forms of vaccine utilized today. 5. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine was developed by Salk in 1954 and is now the form used for all childhood vaccinations due to its low risk to individuals being vaccinated. 6. In contrast, oral polio vaccine (OPV), developed by Sabin in the 1960s, contains an attenuated virus and can be easily administered by mouth making it useful still in polio eradication programs in developing countries today. 7. It poses many risks, however, such as the attenuated virus can multiply in vaccinated people and spread to others or it can revert to a neurovirulent strain causing disease, making the OPV virtually unusable in the United States today.

Order the following choices from the outermost structure to the innermost structure to test your knowledge of the anatomical features surrounding the brain.

1. Skull 2. Dura Mater 3. Arachnoid Mater 4. Subarachnoid Mater 5. Pia Mater

Choose the statement that best describes the normal microbiota of the nervous system.

1. There is no normal biota present Correct

Meningococcemia is ________.

1. best treated with ceftriaxone, penicillin or chloramphenicol 2. associated with high fever, vascular collapse, hemorrhage, and petechiae 3. started from a nasopharyngeal infection 4. caused by a gram-negative diplococcus

Treatment of an animal bite for possible rabies includes ________.

1. debridement 2. washing bite with soap or detergent 3. infusing the wound with human rabies immune 4. globulin (HRIG) 5. postexposure vaccination with inactive vaccine

The CNS is an "immunologically privileged" site, which means that the immune response in these sites is enhanced.

False

4. The RN advises the patient that without treatment, he is at risk of which of the following?

Fatal encephalitis

What are the features that H. influenzae posses that can distinguish it from Neisseria meningitidis?

H. influenzae does not cause a skin rash and it's prevented by Hib vaccine.

1. Which of the following diseases is the greatest risk to the patient, considering the mechanism of injury?

Rabies

Match the statement to the disease that it most accurately describes to test your understanding of nervous system diseases caused by microorganisms.

Rabies: Slow, progressive zoonotic viral disease characterized by fatal encephalitis and with hydrophobia as a symptom Poliomyetitis: Acute enteroviral infection of the spinal cord that can cause neuromuscular paralysis Tetanus: A neuromuscular disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium that produces a powerful neurotoxin that leads to spastic paralysis Botulism: An intoxication, associated with eating poorly preserved foods, which results in flaccid paralysis

What are the symptoms of zika ?

Skin rash Guillain- Barre syndrome Conjunctivitis

Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted by ________.

close contact

Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the ________.

subarachnoid space

2. The RN advises the patient to seek medical attention ______.

Immediately

Most cases of Toxoplasmis are asymptomatic

True

Toxoplasmosis prevention includes:

hygienic precautions

Two diseases that are very dangerous for preganant mothers due to the congenital birth defetcts they can cause are:

zika and toxoplasmosis

Select all of the statements that describe the IPV.

Check All That Apply It contains three serotypes of the polio virus. Correct It is prepared from animal cell culture. Correct It is the form of polio vaccine currently used in the United States. Correct It contains inactivated virus. Correct

Select all of the statements that accurately describe the OPV.

Check All That Apply 1. It is easily administered by mouth. It is easily administered by mouth. Correct 2. It is prepared from animal cell culture. Incorrect 3. It contains attenuated virus. Correct 4. It is the form of polio vaccine currently used in the United States. Correct 5. It contains inactivated virus. Correct

Botulism is different from tetanus in that botulism causes muscles to relax while tetanus causes muscles to contract.

True

The nervous system lacks normal biota, and the presence of any microorganism indicates a deviation from the healthy state.

True

The neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani blocks the inhibition of muscle contraction resulting in spastic paralysis.

True

3. If the patient is diagnosed with this infectious disease, the RN anticipates that treatment of the patient will include which of the following?

Wound care with immune globulin Intramuscular injection of immune globulin Human diploid cell vaccine course

Mosquito eradication could change the epidemiology of ______. Check all that apply.

Zika Virus

Which organism is the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii?

cat