chapter 2 hardware

Which of the following are storage devices?

(a) Optical drive (b) External hard drive (c) Universal serial bus (USB) drive

Petabyte (PB)

1,000 terabytes of data

Personal computer CPU clock speeds range between

1-4 gigahertz

Jorge wants to check the hard drive capacity of his Windows laptop through the System menu. Place the following steps in order with the first step at the top

1. Click the Windows icon to open the Start menu 2. Click the Settings icon to open the Settings menu 3. Click system 4. Click storage

Rank the storage capacities from highest to lowest. Place the highest capacity (largest) at the top

1. Petabyte (PB) 2. Terabyte (TB) 3. Gigabyte (GB) 4. Megabyte (MB) 5. Kilobyte (KB)

Put the steps of the boot process in the correct order.

1. The device is powered on and the CPU activates BIOS 2. The power-on self-test is executed 3. the OS is loaded into RAM 4. The OS checks the registry settings and loads saved configuration settings.

Place the following steps in order to use the Disk Cleanup app on a Windows computer. Place the first step on top.

1. click the Cortana icon to open the search window 2. type disk cleanup 3. in the disk cleanup dialog box, select the unused files 4. click ok

Which two of the following statements are true about Unicode?

16 bit (minimum) encoding standard Capable of representing all of the world's languages

Popularized with transistor radios in the 1950s, this connector is still used with many (non-Apple) cell phones today. It is a:

3.5-mm connector

Processors typically have a word size of either

32 bits; or 64 bits

The ASCII coding language uses

8 bits to represent a byte of information.

There are many protocols that are used to help streamline the communication of all digital devices. For example, Wi-Fi uses the

802.11 protocol. This protocol ensures that devices enabled with Wi-Fi can connect to any Wi-Fi network.

Which two of the following items are commonly included when you purchase a Windows PC laptop computer with a solid-state hard drive?

A universal serial bus (USB) port An operating system

Some computers use an

ASCII an 8-bit coding scheme to represent characters in a binary format.

Match the correct process of the machine cycle to the appropriate definition, fetch?

An instruction is obtained from memory

Which of the following is not part of the boot process?

Any installed anti-virus software checks the system for errors

Bluetooth capable devices are becoming very popular.

Because its radio waves can pass through walls or desktops,

The smallest unit of storage is called a

Bit, it is the data held or processed by a single transistor.

Bus width is measure in

Bits. A 64-bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data.

A short-distance wireless communications technology, , uses relatively short-wavelength radio waves to transfer data between devices like phones, speakers, and headphones.

Bluetooth

A short-range wireless transmission protocol is known as

Bluetooth

The short-range wireless transmission protocol, commonly used with smartphones and many other devices, is called

Bluetooth

The loading of an operating system into the main memory of a device is called the

Booting process

In American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), eight bits = one

Byte

Eight bits are considered to make one

Byte of information. In American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), it is the data required to store one character, such as a letter or a number.

Which computer component found on the motherboard (magnified in the image) is often called the brains of the computer?

CPU central processing unit

Which two of the following statements are true about the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) encoding standard?

Can represent a total of 256 characters Capable of representing 26 uppercase and lowercase letters used in the English language, numbers, and many different symbols

Which of the following computers might contain a traditional (magnetic) hard drive?

Dell desktop computer

Match the following computers with their characteristics, desktop computer?

Designed for power users. Has a relatively large footprint.

Match the following computers with their characteristics, laptop computer?

Designed for those who need a mobile computer but need to enter a large amount of data

Click 3 characteristics of desktop computers.

Desktops use a full OS. Desktops are often used in offices since they do not need to be mobile. Desktops allow for relatively easy upgrade and expansion.

Which two of the following statements are correct regarding a byte?

Equal to 8 bits Each number, special character, and letter of the alphabet is represented as a byte

Sold in categories such as CAT5e (enhanced) or CAT6, or CAT7 cable is commonly used for connecting devices in a network. These are commonly called

Ethernet cables

Match the processor manufacturer to the correct statement, intel?

Founded in 1968, this is the world's largest designer of computer chips. Its i5, i7, and i9 chips dominate the personal computer market.

Match the processor manufacturer to the correct statement, AMD?

Founded in 1969, this company's technology is featured inside most gaming consoles including the PS5.

Which three of the following colors are used to create pixels in most output devices?

Green Blue Red

is the standard for video and audio input into televisions today.

HDMI

What is equal to one cycle per second?

Hertz

A unit of frequency representing one cycle per second is

Hertz/ Hz

is a standard interface for audio-video connectivity which allows for the transmission of high-definition audio and video signals.

High-Definition Multimedia Interface HDMI

A TV remote usually uses

IR (infrared) radio waves

Match the location of the motherboard in each device, desktop?

In tower or chassis

IrDA stands for the

Infrared Data Association which establishes the protocols for infrared communication transfer.

Which three of the following are commonly associated with laptop computers

Integrated keyboard, monitor, and touchpad Full operating system Mobile

The largest chip designing and manufacturing company in the world is

Intel

The correct abbreviation for megahertz is

MHz

L1 cache

Memory located directly on the processor itself

L3 cache

Memory located next to the processor

Disk cache

Memory used to increase a hard drive's efficiency

Select two characteristics of a solid-state drive (SSD).

No moving parts Extremely fast

Which two of the following responses best define the term "resolution" in output devices?

Number of pixels in a display Quality of the image

Gigabyte (GB)

One billion bytes of data

Megabyte (MB)

One million bytes of data

Kilobyte (KB)

One thousand bytes of data

Terabyte (TB)

One trillion bytes of data

Media players allow you to listen to audio files such as music, podcasts, listen to audio books, and watch videos. Media players are often referred to as

Personal Media Players due to their transportability and customization.

Programs and data currently being used by the processor are placed in the

RAM

Which three of the following statements are true regarding resolution?

Resolution refers to the sharpness and clarity of an image. The higher a screen's resolution, the more pixels it contains. Resolution refers to the number of pixels in a display device.

Checking the hard drive on a device running Windows 10 can be done using the

This PC App

Which of the following is one of the ports shown in the image?

USB

Many computers today use

Unicode, which is a coding scheme using at least 16 bits to represent a character.

A type of interface that enables communication between digital devices, allows data transfer, and for devices to be electrically charged is called

Universal Serial Bus

File Server

Used for data storage.

Network Server

Used to control access to resources such as printers and applications on a network.

Select 3 characteristics of a tablet computer.

Usually has a mobile operating system Has as a touchscreen Is highly mobile

Popular in the 1990s, the blue port in the image is used to connect computers to monitors or televisions

VGA

This close-up of the side of a laptop computer. To the left of the HDMI port is a(n)

VGA port

Which three of the following are common types of servers?

Web Server Network Server File Server

The standard for wireless Ethernet networks is known as

Wi-Fi

Gigahertz means one

billion cycles (instructions) per second

A channel over which information flows inside a digital device is called a

bus

The three factors that impact processor speed are clock speed, word size, and

bus width

Data flows between different parts of the computer via

buses

One character of information, for example, a letter or a number consists of one

byte

A high-speed storage area usually located directly on the CPU is called

cache, l2 cache, or l1 cache

The amount of data that defines each color in a pixel is called

color depth

The GPU (graphics processing unit) is a

computer within your computer that creates images.

Screen size is measured by the

diagonal distance between the upper right and lower left corners of the screen.

Screen size is measured

diagonally from one corner of the screen to the other.

The windows 10 app used remove unwanted files from your computer's hard drive is called

disk cleanup

One way to delete unused files from your Windows hard drive is to use the

disk cleanup app

A computer that is integrated (is a part of) with a larger device, such as a programmable thermostat, is called a(n)

embedded computer. It has a real-time operating system (RTOS).

The computer that can be found inside a digital watch (not an iWatch) is referred to as a(n)

embedded computer. It has a real-time operating system.

Most tablets have solid-state drive (SSD) capacities measured in terabytes (TBs).

false

A protocol commonly used to transfer large files from one server to another on the Internet is the

file transfer protocol (FTP)

The depiction of image data on a display or output device is called

graphic

The output of a computer that creates a visual image is called

graphics

The physical parts of a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and system unit are called computer

hardware

Which of the following terms refers to the physical parts of a computer system?

hardware

Memory and caches

hold data used by processors.

A highly mobile, touch-screen enabled device that is larger than a smartphone and popular with those who use a computer while walking around is

iPad computer

T.V. remotes use

infrared signals

Put the steps of the information processing cycle in the correct order, with the first step at the top

input process output store

The connector and port developed for Apple devices such as iPhones and iPads is called

lightning

Fetch, decode, execute, and store are steps of the

machine cycle

While not designed to solve complex technical formulas, a computer that is more powerful than a server computer, and used by organizations to process large numbers of transactions simultaneously is called a

mainframe

Megahertz means one

million cycles (or instructions) per second

The system unit of a computer houses the computer's main circuit board. This circuit board, which holds the CPU, is called the

motherboard

Cache contains frequently accessed data and is

much smaller than computer's RAM

The actual number of pixels in a monitor is called

native resolution

The smallest element of an electronic image is called a

pixel

The resolution of monitors and other display devices is measured in

pixels

A hole or slot in a computer, designed to accept a specific connector, is called a

port

This would plug into a computer's USB

port

A set of rules for communication between devices that determine how data are transmitted and received is called a

protocol

IP, FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS are all acronyms that describe different

protocols

Wi-Fi waves are basically

radio waves

A processor composed of one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a

single-core processor

Represented by either a 0 or 1, a bit is the

smallest unit of data a computer can process.

A hardware component that keeps data and information when the device is not powered is called a

storage device

Most desktop computers come with a traditional hard drive. The purpose of the hard drive is to

store data

A coding scheme capable of representing the languages of the world,

unicode, uses 16 bits to represent information.

The graphics adapter inside a digital device is also called the

video/graphics card

The amount of data that can be transmitted at a given time by a bus is called bus

width

The amount of bits a processor can work with at any given time is referred to as

word size

Tiffany wants to remove unwanted files from her laptop's hard drive. One of the fastest ways is to use Disk Cleanup. Place the following steps in order with the first step at the top.

1. From the start button menu, choose all programs, ->accessories, -> system tools, -> disk cleanup. Click OK, then delete files 2. If prompted, choose the mass storage device that you want to clean up 3. In the disk cleanup dialog box, select the items you want to remove 4. Click ok, the delete files

Which two of the following are correct statements regarding all-in-one computers?

An all-in-one computer is a stationary device with a separate keyboard and mouse. The motherboard is housed behind the monitor. All-in-one computers house every component except the keyboard and mouse inside the same case as the monitor.

Match the location of the motherboard in each device, smarthphone?

Behind the touchscreen

Match the location of the motherboard in each device, laptop?

Beneath the keyboard.

Which three of the following devices are computers?

Desktop Laptop Smartphone

Which three of the following are commonly associated with laptop computers?

Full operating system Mobile Integrated keyboard, monitor, and touchpad

The instructions needed to boot-up a computer, such as the basic input/output system (BIOS), are typically stored in

ROM (Read Only Memory)

Digital device manufactures include separate chips of storage (nonvolatile) that contain instructions not designed to be rewritten or removed. An example of these instructions includes the basic input-output system (BIOS). This type of storage is separate from the hard drive and is referred to as

Read-Only Memory ROM

are all-electronic storage devices that are used in a variety of products including smartphones, cameras, and tablet computers. SSDs have no moving parts, which makes them faster and more durable than hard drives

Solid State Drives (SSDs)

Which two of the following are used for measuring typical hard drive capacities for personal computers?

Terabytes Gigabytes

Web Server

Used to control access to resources on the Web

martphones owe much of their popularity and computing flexibility to

apps

A digital device that accepts input, processes and stores the input, and provides output is a

computer

This personal computer is a good choice for gamers who want to be able to expand its capabilities and for families with children who might drop a laptop. It's called a

desktop computer

Memory, such as RAM or cache, is

electronic (solid state), and has no moving parts

Typical SSD capacities for tablet computers or smartphones are measured in

gigabytes

Because they have no moving parts, solid-state drives (SSDs) costs tend to be

higher

Memory, such as a computer's RAM

holds data and programs being used by the processor.

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

is actually storage since it retains data and information when the power has been turned off.

Hard drive capacity

is the amount of storage you have available to save data and information.

A two-in-one computer combines a large tablet computer with a (usually) detachable

keyboard

A mobile hinged computer with an integrated keyboard that uses a full operating system is called a notebook or a

laptop computer

When a computer is shut down, the information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is

not saved

can damage a processor if not properly executed. It will also void your warranty.

overclocking

Running the processor faster than recommended by the manufacturer is called

overclocking This can increase performance and speed, but can also void the manufacturer warranty.

The Apple iPod, Google Chromecast, Amazon Kindle Fire and Roku are examples of

personal media players

IPOS refers to the four basic computing functions. IPOS stands for Input, ___, Output, and Storage

processing

All computations and activities in a digital device are conducted by the

processor

In an all-in-one computer, such as the one pictured in the image, the motherboard is housed behind the

screen/monitor/display

A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a

server

Devices allowing the retention of data, when your computer has been shut down, for future use are called

storage

The most powerful computers, can evaluate complex data very quickly. Many of these computers in the United States are owned by the government or major research institutions and can cost $1 million dollars or more.

supercomputers

The location of the computer's ___ unit, which houses a computer's motherboard, depends on the type of computer.

system

One type of storage device is a

universal serial bus (USB) drive

Devices that integrate the computer case (chassis) and system components into the monitor, but have an external keyboard and mouse are called

all-in-one computers

The amount of instructions the CPU can process per second is dictated by the

clock

The amount of space a device takes up on a desk or table is referred to as its

footprint

A multicore processor has the ability to execute two or more sets of instructions at the same time. This is called

hyperthreading

Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and capable of executing two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a

multi-core processor

Fill in the blank question. A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a

server

Sometimes called a convertible laptop, a type of laptop that has a removable, or concealed keyboard as well as a touchscreen so that it can be used as a tablet is called a(n

2-in-1

Match the processor manufacturer to the correct statement, Nvidia?

Founded in 1993, produces popular mobile device processors.

Which of the following are characteristics of a traditional hard drive?

Has physically spinning platters. Has a read/write head to detect magnetic charges. Uses magnetic charges to store data.

Match the following computers with their characteristics, tablet computer?

Highly mobile device that can be used while standing or even walking

The small amount of memory, located within the CPU itself, is referred to as

L1 cache

The person in the image is installing

RAM into a laptop computer

Match the correct process of the machine cycle to the appropriate definition, store?

The results are placed in memory before the next instruction is executed

It is important to be able to identify the different types of computers. For example, what do you call a computer that has a separate chassis (or tower) that connects to separate peripherals such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse?

desktop

Which two of the following are computers?

Smartphone Gaming console

Which two of the following statements are correct regarding the CPU?

The CPU is located on the motherboard of the computer. The CPU is integrated into a chip called a microprocessor.

Which three of the following are correct statements regarding clock speed?

The clock speed is the base speed at which the processor performs the machine cycle each second. Increasing the clock speed of a processor is called overclocking. Clock speed is sometimes called clock rate.

Match the correct process of the machine cycle to the appropriate definition, decode?

The instructions are converted into something the computer can understand

Match the correct process of the machine cycle to the appropriate definition, execute?

The processor completes the instruction

Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and can execute two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a

multi-core processor.

A processor with one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a

single-core processor

A cell phone that allows you to surf the web is called a(n) ___. This is actually a powerful computer capable of accepting input, processing data into information, providing data, and storing data

smartphone

A computer that is highly mobile, often has a smaller operating system (OS), and uses a touchscreen as the primary input method is called a

tablet

Match the following computers with their characteristics, all-in-one computer?

Designed to stay on a desk. Provides a large monitor but takes up less space than a desktop computer

A stationary (non-mobile) computer that combines the power of a desktop with a neat, clean, look is a(n):

all-in-one