Chapter 2 MP&W

Which of the following is an example of a company's standard operating procedure?

A compulsory practice of employees cleaning their work areas at the end of each day

Which of the following is an example of a rule?

A general mandatory guideline asking all employees to leave their work machines in good order

_____ is the study of the factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations.

Organizational behavior

_____ refers to a system of task and authority relationships that controls how employees use resources to achieve a company's goals.

Organizational structure

_____ is the performance gain caused by two or more departments coordinating their efforts.

Synergy

Which of the following is true of norms?

They are informal codes of conduct among employees in a particular company.

A company that wishes to increase the quality of its products should opt for _____, a branch of management science that provides tools to analyze the company's input, conversion, and output activities.

Total quality management

Managers who accept the assumptions of Theory Y:

create a work setting that encourages commitment.

Mayfair Mobile's external environment is changing rapidly, and it responds by decentralizing decisions to lower-level managers so that the organization can react faster. Which of the following types of organizational structure allows this?

An organic structure

Which of the following statements indicates that Megabytes Inc. has implemented an organic structure?

At Megabytes, authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers.

Which of the following is true of centralization in an organization?

Authority is concentrated at the top of the managerial hierarchy.

_____ refers to a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness.

Bureaucracy

_____ refers to the concentration of authority at the top of the organizational chart instead of being distributed throughout the managerial hierarchy.

Centralization

If a manager designs the organizational hierarchy based on the characteristics of the organizational environment, he is acting in accordance with _____.

Contingency theory

_____ is the idea that the organizational structures and control systems that are chosen by managers depend on characteristics of the external environment in which the organization operates.

Contingency theory

_____ refers to a system where small workshops run by skilled workers produce hand-manufactured products.

Crafts production

Which of the following is true of an organization with a mechanistic structure?

Employees are closely supervised and follow well-defined rules and standard operating procedures.

_____ refers to the tendency of a closed system to lose its ability to control itself, and thus disintegrate.

Entropy

Which of the following best reflects Mary Parker Follett's views on management and leadership in an organization?

If workers have the relevant knowledge, then workers, rather than managers, should be in control of the work process itself.

Which of the following statements is consistent with the principles of scientific management?

Increase job specialization in order to make the production process more efficient.

Which of the following is true of scientific management?

It resulted in job dissatisfaction for many workers

Which of the following is true of an open system?

It takes in resources from its external environment and converts them into goods that are then sent back to that environment for purchase by customers.

_____ is the process by which division of labor occurs as different workers gain expertise in tasks over time.

Job specialization

_____ refers to the chain of command extending from the top to the bottom of an organization

Line of authority

The Marketing Manager at RST Global Inc. developed a five-year marketing plan that was in stark contrast with the objectives outlined in the organization's strategic plan. Which of the principles of Henri Fayol does this go against?

Unity of direction

Which of the following practices was advocated by Mary Parker Follett?

Workers should be allowed to exercise initiative in their everyday work lives.

Which of the following revelations from different research studies came to be known as the Hawthorne effect?

Workers' productivity being affected more by the attention received from researchers than by the work setting

The primary message of _____ is that there is no one best way to organize.

contingency theory

Managers who accept the assumptions of Theory X:

closely monitor workers to make sure that production is not affected.

Obedience to a manager's authority is most consistent with Fayol's principle of:

discipline.

Administrative management is the study of:

how an organizational structure is to be created such that it leads to high efficiency and effectiveness.

An advantage of achieving the right worker-task specialization and linking people and tasks by the speed of the production line is:

lower costs.

The management theory that focuses on the use of rigorous quantitative techniques to assist managers to make the best use of organizational resources is called:

management science theory.

If an organization has a profit-sharing plan in which employees are able to purchase the company's stock at a discount whenever the organization makes huge profits, then this organization follows Fayol's principle of:

remuneration of personnel.

According to Henri Fayol, esprit de corps refers to:

shared feelings of comradeship, enthusiasm, or devotion to a common cause among members of a group.

The idea that employees who stay with the organization for many years develop skills on the job which can help the organization to become more efficient is consistent with Fayol's principle of:

stability of tenure.

The idea that workers should be aware of how their performance affects the performance of the organization as a whole is most consistent with Fayol's principle of:

subordination of individual interests to the common interest.

The human relations movement advocates that:

supervisors be behaviorally trained to manage subordinates.

According to Henri Fayol, initiative refers to:

the ability to act on one's own without direction from a superior.

The line of authority in an organization is:

the chain of command extending from the top to the bottom of an organization

Job specialization refers to:

the process by which division of labor occurs as different workers gain expertise in tasks.

An engineer receives orders from and reports to both his department manager and his project manager. This violates Fayol's principle of:

unity of command.

An organization that has a single, comprehensive long-term plan that leads every department within the organization is following Fayol's principle of:

unity of direction.