Chapter 2 POLS 1020-01

Dual federalism is a term used to describe a circumstance in which a. national and state governments are sovereign and equal within their constitutionally allocated spheres of authority. b. the state governments, having called the original Constitutional Convention, may agree to nullify federal acts. c. new grants-in-aid are made. d. the linkages and joint arrangements among the three levels of government are stressed.

a. national and state governments are sovereign and equal within their constitutionally allocated spheres of authority.

States may regulate pollution emissions so long as state standards are at least as stringent as those of the federal government. This is an example of a. partial preemption. b. initial preemption. c. total preemption. d. implied preemption.

a. partial preemption.

President George W. Bush's federalism views were poorly articulated, but actions of his administration and Congressional Republicans sought to a. preempt state authority over various issues. b. support the practice of state sovereignty in the same manner as President Reagan. c. rest less on theory and focus more on cooperative action between state and federal governments. d. increase revenues so state funding was less of an issue.

a. preempt state authority over various issues.

Concurrent powers are a. exercised by both the state and national governments. b. synonymous with implied powers. c. numerous but checked greatly by the Ninth Amendment. d. powers that are expressly given to local governments.

a. exercised by both the state and national governments.

A system of government in which most, if not all, legal powers rest with the central government is referred to as a a. confederacy. b. defederated system c. federal system. d. unitary system.

d. unitary system

A unitary system of government, which more than 90 percent of nations have, is one in which all government authority is derived from a central government.

True

Block grants are a form of financial aid from one level of government to another for use in a broad, functional area.

True

Currently, the principal tool for transferring money from the national to the state and local governments is the grant-in-aid.

True

The difference between a federal system and a confederacy is that a. a federal system divides power between the central government and geographically defined jurisdictions, whereas in a confederacy all authority is derived from the central government. b. a federal system divides power between the central government and geographically defined jurisdictions, whereas in a confederacy the central government is weak and the regional governments are strong. c. a federal system derives its powers from regional governments, whereas in a confederacy the central government is strong and the regional governments are weak. d. in a federal system the central government is weak and the regional governments are strong, whereas a confederacy divides power between the central government and geographically defined jurisdictions

b. a federal system divides power between the central government and geographically defined jurisdictions, whereas in a confederacy the central government is weak and the regional governments are strong

The elimination of many categorical grants during the Reagan Presidency in the 1980s was an example of a. coercive federalism. b. new federalism c. creative federalism. d. cooperative federalism.

b. new federalism

Currently, federal funding accounts for approximately _______ percent of state and local revenues. a. 10 b. 21 c. 38 d. 55

c. 38

The enumerated or delegated powers in the Constitution are those that a. give powers to both the states and the national government. b. give power to the states. c. are expressly given to the national government. d. give power to local governments by way of general revenue sharing.

c. are expressly given to the national government.

Interstate compacts authorized by the U.S. Constitution are useful in a. permitting the national government to impose solutions to state problems. b. addressing situations not covered in the Tenth Amendment. c. providing a vehicle that is useful in settling disputes between two or more states. d. settling disputes between local governments within a state.

c. providing a vehicle that is useful in settling disputes between two or more states.

The Americans with Disabilities Act, which requires states and localities to make physical and occupational accommodations for disabled persons, is an example of a. partial preemption. b. initial preemption c. total preemption. d. implied preemption.

c. total preemption.

The Great Compromise adopted by the Framers of the Constitution involved a. the procedures by which the Constitution would be ratified. b. increasing the powers of the central government. c. resolving disputes between the states and the central government by means of an independent judiciary. d. adoption of a bicameral legislature in which one house selected members based on population and one in which the states were equally represented.

d. adoption of a bicameral legislature in which one house selected members based on population and one in which the states were equally represented.

The Constitutional Convention's debates centered largely on a. the power to be allocated to local government. b. the role of the executive. c. the role of the judiciary. d. division of power between large and small states.

d. division of power between large and small states.

The practical devices placed in the U.S. Constitution to control factions included all of the following EXCEPT a a. system of representative government. b. division of government into three branches, which served as a system of checks and balances. c. federal system where power was dispersed within and among the federal government and the states. d. national bank that would control the nation's money and therefore keep factions from ever gaining complete control over the economy.

d. national bank that would control the nation's money and therefore keep factions from ever gaining complete control over the economy

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) enhanced the power of the national government by stating that a. the federal government could not establish a national bank. b. Maryland had the right to tax the national bank. c. Congress had the right to lend money through the Second National Bank of the United States. d. the Constitution contained implied, as well as enumerated, powers.

d. the Constitution contained implied, as well as enumerated, powers.

Real financial power moved from the states to the national government by virtue of a. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), which gave the federal government the power to establish a bank. b. Baker v. Carr (1962), which established the Federal Reserve System. c. Brown v. Rhode Island (1820), which allowed the United States to establish a national bank, modeled after the Bank of England. d. the Sixteenth Amendment, which gave Congress power to tax the incomes of individuals and corporations.

d. the Sixteenth Amendment, which gave Congress power to tax the incomes of individuals and corporations.