Chapter 2 Review

In what way is the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) intended to be more explanatory than the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)? a. It requires reports of crimes to be put into context. b. It is concerned only with the basic aspects of a crime. c. It compiles summaries rather than statistics related to crime. d. It includes the name of the offender for each crime.

a. It requires reports of crimes to be put into context.

In what way does the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) provide a more complete picture of crime than the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)? a. It takes into account crimes that are not reported to the authorities. b. It does not discriminate between low-level and severe crimes. c. It looks at crime based on information gathered from every U.S. citizen. d. It is not impeded by subjective views on what constitutes crime.

a. It takes into account crimes that are not reported to the authorities.

How does organized crime differ from corporate crime? a. Its acknowledged purpose is economic gain through illegal enterprise. b. It is engaged solely in economic crimes that are of a benign nature. c. It never deals with crimes of an economic nature. d. It does not use physical violence to facilitate the illegal acquisition of money.

a. Its acknowledged purpose is economic gain through illegal enterprise.

What role does technology currently play in crime? a. Technological developments have created new classes of crime. b. Technological developments are the reason why crime is dropping. c. Technological developments have greatly masked the rise in violent crime. d. Technological developments have pushed the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) into obsolescence.

a. Technological developments have created new classes of crime.

What is the idea of system bias dependent on? a. race and ethnicity b. age c. economic class d. educational level

a. race and ethnicity

Under the conflict view of crime, who decides the content of criminal law and shapes the definition of crime in a society? a. the ruling class b. society as a whole c. the international court d. legal professionals

a. the ruling class

Why can the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) be misleading? a. It does not differentiate between types of crimes. b. Not all criminal incidents are reported to the police. c. It only reports crime statistics for the nation as a whole. d. Police do not know the legal definitions of crimes.

b. Not all criminal incidents are reported to the police.

The consensus, conflict, and interactionist views of crime all share which common idea? a. the definition of crime is relatively stagnant and unchanging b. criminal law has a social control function c. social forces are not relevant in molding the definition of crime d. the ruling classes mold the definition of crimes

b. criminal law has a social control function

Under the interactionist view of crime, which of the following groups would wield significant power in shaping criminal law? a. the general public b. wealthy political campaign donors c. members of the military d. educated university students

b. wealthy political campaign donors

A serial killer differs from a mass murderer in which way? a. A serial killer targets innocents for fun. b. Aa serial killer murders at random. c. A serial killer commits multiple murders over time. d. A serial killer targets more than one person.

c. A serial killer commits multiple murders over time.

What role might the "contagion effect" have on crime? a. Crime will rise due to increasing narcissism. b. Crime will rise as a result of increasing materialistic values. c. Crime might be reduced due to prevailing social factors. d. Crime will disappear due to the abandonment of materialism.

c. Crime might be reduced due to prevailing social factors.

Compared to 1995, what has happened to the rate of violent crime in the United States today? a. It has increased by double. b. It has declined by a third. c. It has dropped by half. d. It is at peak levels.

c. It has dropped by half.

Why is the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) currently of limited use in gauging crime nationwide? a. It overutilizes subjective National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data. b. It is overly reliant on the use of Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) databases. c. It has not been fully adopted in all 50 states. d. It only records and tracks nonviolent crime.

c. It has not been fully adopted in all 50 states.

Why is prostitution considered a public order crime in the United States? a. It is a crime rooted in violence and abuse. b. It is a crime universally viewed as wrong and unethical. c. It is a crime that society has deemed immoral. d. It is a crime that upends ideas of private property rights.

c. It is a crime that society has deemed immoral.

When compared to the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), what does the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study reveal? a. A majority of people refrain from committing crime. b. Criminals and delinquents specialize in one type of crime. c. The crime problem is much greater than official statistics would lead us to believe. d. Crime rates recorded by various ways are roughly equal.

c. The crime problem is much greater than official statistics would lead us to believe.

Which of the following would be classified as a burglary? a. an individual physically assaulting a person while attempting to take his wallet b. an individual entering onto the property of another without consent c. an individual breaking and entering into a person's home to steal valuables d. an individual stealing a person's bag on the street at gunpoint

c. an individual breaking and entering into a person's home to steal valuables

What would serve to enhance the validity of crime reporting devices such as the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)? a. factoring in criminal cases where defendants have been found not guilty b. limiting data to only crimes that are serious c. ensuring greater accuracy in the way they are reported d. having private entities oversee data collection

c. ensuring greater accuracy in the way they are reported

What aspect of U.S. history directly fuels the idea of cultural bias in high crime rates among black Americans? a. the rise of non-European immigration in the latter half of the twentieth century b. the Reconstruction Amendments of the nineteenth century c. the nineteenth-century system of racial slavery d. the twentieth-century civil rights movement led by minorities

c. the nineteenth-century system of racial slavery

What aspect of self-report surveys impedes their validity? a. their use in questioning solely adolescents b. their nonanonymous reporting nature c. the potential dishonesty of its respondents d. their use with only members of the population aged 45 and older

c. the potential dishonesty of its respondents

In what way does the consensus view of crime differ from the conflict and interactionist views of crime? a. In deciding which behaviors should be outlawed or controlled, the state uses a globalist view incorporating the moral ideas of many religions. b. Society generally can't agree on what should be criminal so the ruling class needs to decide the law. c. A small number of elitists who control the system decide which behaviors should be outlawed or controlled based on their own personal beliefs. d. It holds that the majority of a society is in agreement as to what behaviors must be outlawed or controlled to protect society.

d. It holds that the majority of a society is in agreement as to what behaviors must be outlawed or controlled to protect society.

Why do the changing demographics of the United States show a possibility for an increase in crime rates? a. As more immigration occurs, violent crime rates will rise due to unequal assimilation. b. America is growing more narcissistic, and so property crimes will increase. c. Illegal immigrants, who are growing in number, are predisposed to crime. d. The number of youth entering the prime years of committing crime or of their criminal careers will be and are increasing.

d. The number of youth entering the prime years of committing crime or of their criminal careers will be and are increasing.

Which of the following is true for liberal feminist theories regarding crime? a. The class structure of America necessitates that women seek crime as a way to advance their status. b. Women are genetically predisposed to seeking and using crime as a way to facilitate change. c. The second-class status of women has always meant their crimes were second-class. d. Women have a lower crime rate due to their second-class economic and social position.

d. Women have a lower crime rate due to their second-class economic and social position.

Which of the following would be considered an expressive act of violence? a. a female stabbing another woman when the latter refuses to hand over her bag and wallet b. a male assaulting the defending occupants of a house that he has broken into to burgle c. a female shooting and killing a guard during a bank robbery d. a male tracking down and killing a person he suspects is having an affair with his wife

d. a male tracking down and killing a person he suspects is having an affair with his wife

What type of crime is predominant in the United States? a. hate crime b. white-collar crime c. violent crime d. property crime

d. property crime

What is the relation of the concept of early onset to crime? a. the assumption that crime is related to diet, and that there will be a drop in the crime rate if a youth is exposed to a healthy diet at an early age b. the assumption that youth will be less inclined to commit criminal acts as the punishments for them increase c. the idea that beginning to watch television at an early age will lessen the risk of youth resorting to crime d. the idea that kids who have been exposed to a variety of personal and social problems or commit crime at an early age are the most at risk of repeat offending.

d. the idea that kids who have been exposed to a variety of personal and social problems or commit crime at an early age are the most at risk of repeat offending.