Chapter 2 Test Review Questions, Answers, and Page Numbers

Chpt.2.Q.28. Of the "Big Five" personality factors, which trait can be best determined as careful versus careless? A. conscientiousness B. neuroticism C. openness D. agreeableness

A. Conscientiousness (pg. 60)

Chpt.2.Q.19. All of the following are characteristics of low self-esteem except: A. enjoys being alone B. defensive C. oriented toward approval of others D. conforming

A. Enjoys being alone (pg. 74)

Chpt.2.Q.5. All of the following are stages of Erickson's psychosocial development except: A. sensing versus inuition B. trust versus mistrust C. initiative versus guilt D. industry versus inferiority

A. Sensing Verus Intuition (pg. 55-57)

Chpt.2.Q.14. One of the basic tenets of Viktor Frankl's beliefs about the human personality is: A. that we have a need to search for meaning and a purpose in life B. anxiety is not a prerequisite for growth C. life does not have to have pain D. none of the above

A. That we have a need to search for meaning and purpose in life (pg. 63)

Chpt.2.Q.26. What is the reciprocal determinism? A. the interacting influences between person, behavior, and environment. B. your behavior will determine your life C. you get what you give D. our environment determines our behavior

A. The interacting influences between person, behavior, and environment (pg.67)

Chpt.2.Q.4. Most psychologists feel that self-image is: A. something we are born with B. acquired C. not as important as self-esteem D. none of the above

B. Acquired (pg. 50)

Chpt.2.Q.25. Which of the following categories of cognitive variables does not have an influence on your behavior? A. expectancies B. impression management C. personal values D. competencies

B. Impression Management (pg. 67)

Chpt.2.Q.6. Which stage of Eriksons Psychosocial Development does the following describe? During the ages of three through five, the child moves from simple self-control to an ability to take control. This is a questioning and exploring stage when a child wants to try anything and everything. A. industry versus inferiority B. initiative versus guilt C. autonomy versus doubt D. trust versus mistrust

B. Initiative versus guilt (pg. 56)

Chpt.2.Q.16. The ___________________ is the part of self that includes physical, behavioral, and psychological characteristics that establish uniqueness. A. ego B. personal self-image C. the child D. none of the above

B. Personal Self-image (pg. 70)

Chpt.2.Q.17. ___________________ refers to overall evaluation of oneself, whether one likes or dislikes who ones is, believes or doubts oneself, and values or belittles one's worth. A. superego B. self-esteem C. ego D. any of the above

B. Self-Esteem (pg. 72)

Chpt.2.Q.2. Freud's theory states that a persons personality is made up of three distinct but interrelated parts; these three parts are: A. the private self, the public self, the self image B. the id, the ego, the superego C. the hunger drive, the thirst drive, and sexual impulses D. none of the above

B. The id, the ego, the superego (pg. 53)

Chpt.2.Q.12. According to Carl Rogers, the difficulties in functioning are caused by the lack of __________________ by others, starting at birth. A. superego B. unconditional acceptance C. parental supervision D. ego development

B. Unconditional Acceptance (pg. 62)

Chpt.2.Q.31. Which of the following statements is true regarding individualism and collectivism? A. individualists value interdependence and social harmony B. collectivists value independence and autonomy C. collectivists value harmony and have few but close and enduring relationships D. none of the above are true

C. Collectivists value harmony and have few but close and enduring relationships (pg. 73)

Chpt.2.Q.21. __________________ are designed to help us escape the pain of anxiety. A. self-affirmation B. self-criticisms C. defense mechanisms D. self-flagellations

C. Defense Mechanisms (pg. 54)

Chpt.2.Q.7. Based on the work of Harry Stack Sullivan, all of the following are required to have a strong self-concept except: A. love B. respect C. forgiveness D. acceptance

C. Forgiveness (pg. 51)

Chpt.2.Q.29. Narcissism is the tendency to regard oneself as: A. narcoleptic B. having a low self-esteem C. grandiosely self-important D. none of the above

C. Grandiosely self-important (pg. 78)

Chpt.2.Q.3. The ____________ is present at birth and remains an active force throughout our life. A. superego B. ego C. id D. self-image

C. Id (pg. 53)

Chpt.2.Q.23. According to your author, by making mistakes you: A. have less chance of succeeding in life B. take more risks, stretch, grow, and enjoy life more C. increase your likelihood for self-criticism D. none of the above

C. Increase your likelihood for self-criticism (pg. ?)

Chpt.2.Q.9. Self-esteem is improved by: A. strokes B. money C. positive self-talk D. negative self-talk

C. Positive self-talk (pg. 66)

Chpt.2.Q.15. Virginia Satir states that one of the crucial factors that determine the quality of interpersonal relationships is: A. communication B. friendliness C. self-worth D. our upbringing

C. Self-worth (pg. 64)

Chpt.2.Q.10. What is cognitive restructuring? A. a non-verbal thinking process B. a combination of personal values C. the process of modifying thoughts, ideas, and beliefs D. a self-regulatory system

C. The process of modifying thoughts, ideas, and beliefs (pg. 66)

Chpt.2.Q.18. All of the following are strategies to improve self-esteem except: A. accept all parts of your physical appearance B. affirm your strengths C. use your defense mechanisms D. list your faults

C. Use your defense mechanisms (pg. 76-77)

Chpt.2.Q.24. We gather information about our "self-image" through the following means: A. significant others B. genetic influences C. social comparison D. a and c

D. A and C (pg. 50)

Chpt.2.Q.8. Adler argued that the foremost human drive is: A. sexuality B. food C. self-esteem D. a striving for superiority

D. A striving for superiority (pg. 54)

Chpt.2.Q.1. Our self-image is primarily formed: A. by how our parents treat us and react to us B. by what "significant others" say to us C. by our perceptions and interpretations of how other people treat us D. all of the above

D. All of the above (pg. 50)

Chpt.2.Q.11. Trait theories: A. allow us to describe personality B. do not tell us how we develop these traits C. include five basic traits of personality D. all of the above are true

D. All the above are true (pg. 60)

Chpt.2.Q.13. Self-actualization can best be described as: A. virginia satir's theory B. realizing the past C. having high self-esteem D. being all that one can be

D. Being all that one can be (pg. 62)

Chpt.2.Q.22. According to Adler, personality arises from our attempts to overcome or compensate for fundamental feelings of: A. fear B. disappointment C. despair D. inadequacy

D. Inadequacy (pg. 54)

Chpt.2.Q.27. According to the character Harry Potter, what is it that shows what we truly are? A. our abilities B. our self-esteem C. our ability to fly D. our choices

D. Our choices (pg. 67)

Chpt.2.Q.30. All of the following are included in Dr. Nathaniel Branden's recommendation for building self-esteem except: A. living consciously B. self-acceptance C. self-responsibility D. personal space

D. Personal Space (pg. 79)

Chpt.2.Q.20. Self-affirmations refer to: A. reminding yourself of your weaknesses B. telling yourself things are going to be okay C. giving in when you need to D. positive self-statements or self-talk

D. Positive self-statements or self-talk (pg. 66)

Chpt.2.Q.32. All of following are categories of cognitive variables that have the potential to influence behavior except: A. encoding strategies B. competencies C. personal values D. your grade point average

D. Your grade point average (pg. 67)