Chapter 20 & 21

The primary cause of UTIs is:

Escherichia coli

Hemolytic uremic syndrome is caused by:

Escherichia coli O157:H7.

An expanding rash that resembles a bull's-eye is a characteristic of secondary syphilis.

FALSE

The intracellular parasite Anaplasma phagocytophilium infects:

neutrophils.

Undiagnosed or untreated infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae can progress to:

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

On MacConkey agar, colonies of Escherichia coli will appear:

pink because E. coli is Gram-negative and ferments lactose

The oxidase test identifies organisms that:

produce the enzyme cytochrome oxidase

What is the causative pathogen for bubonic and pneumonic plague?

Yersinia pestis

Infection by Yersinia pestis can result in a characteristic lesion that is called:

a bubo

The typical lesion of primary syphilis is:

a painless reddened lesion called a chancre at the site of infection.

Legionnaires' disease can be diagnosed by:

fluorescent antibody tests.

Among the areas of the female genital tract, which of the following is NOT colonized by Neisseria gonorrhoeae? a. the Fallopian tubes b. the vagina c. the pelvic organs d. the uterus e. the cervix

the vagina

This virulence factor is common to many members of the Enterobacteriaceae and it allows them to inject proteins directly into the host cell:

type III secretion system.

Humans infected with Brucella species develop ________ characterized by fever, chills, sweating, muscle aches, and headache.

undulant fever

Infection with ________ produces symptoms similar to RMSF, except for the rash, making it difficult to diagnose.

Anaplasma phagocytophilium

Important members of the intestinal microbiota are the strictly anaerobic:

Bacteroides

Cat scratch disease is caused by:

Bartonella henselae.

What characteristic does Vibrio share with Salmonella?

Both have O polysaccharide antigens.

Aerobic bacteria in the genus ________ are metabolically diverse soil-dwellers which also cause opportunistic disease in cystic fibrosis patients.

Burkholderia

The bacterium ________ is a common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis contracted from contaminated food, especially poultry.

Campylobacter jejuni

Which of the following bacteria is responsible for the most common bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States, usually accompanied by frequent, bloody diarrhea?

Campylobacter jejuni Vibrio

Which coliform is the most common cause of urinary tract infections occurring outside of healthcare settings?

Escherichia coli

Infection with ________ usually produces acute upper respiratory disease but may cause meningitis in infants 3-18 months old. Francisella

Haemophilus influenzae

A patient has pneumonia and a specimen from the patient's lung reveals Gram-negative bacilli. The bacteria are further characterized as non-motile coliforms with a thick capsule. The pathogen is likely:

Klebsiella

A patient becomes ill after inhaling the aerosols of freshwater from a showerhead. The aerosols contained a bacterial parasite of protozoa. Which of the following diseases does the patient probably have?

Legionnaires' disease

How can Leptospira interrogans be distinguished from other spirochetes?

One end of the bacterium looks like a question mark.

What characteristic differentiates Prevotella from Bacteroides?

Prevotella are sensitive to bile.

Urinary tract infections with ________ are frequently complicated by the formation of kidney stones.

Proteus mirabilis

A patient develops a severe respiratory infection that is difficult to treat with standard antibiotics. A specimen from the patient's lung is greenish in color and contains aerobic motile Gram-negative bacilli that are oxidase positive. The infection is probably caused by:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Which of the following is the correct pairing of rickettsial pathogen and vector?

R. prowazekii; louse

The toxin specifically associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 is (pick the best answer):

Shiga toxin

After a week of asymptomatic infection with Bordetella pertussis, the patient has cold-like (catarrhal) symptoms for a week or two followed by a period of severe paroxysmal episodes of coughing that leave the patient anoxic and fatigued.

TRUE

Chlamydia trachomatis produces a dormant, resistant stage which is transmitted from one host to another.

TRUE

Cholera toxin causes intestinal cells to secrete large amounts of electrolytes, resulting in a very watery diarrhea.

TRUE

Neisseria meningitidis is able to survive inside macrophages and be transported throughout the body in them.

TRUE

Which of the following statements concerning the causative agent of syphilis is TRUE? a. It is a large helically coiled bacterium motile by means of endoflagella. b. It is a large bacillus with peritrichous flagella. c. It is pleomorphic and motile by means of gliding motility. d. It is a non-motile comma-shaped bacterium. e. It is an intracellular parasite.

a. It is a large helically coiled bacterium motile by means of endoflagella.

Which of the following statements regarding trachoma is FALSE? a. It is most often a disease of adults who suffer from sexually transmitted chlamydia. b. It first infects the conjunctiva and kills cells there. c. It is the leading cause of non-traumatic blindness in humans. d. Infants may contract the disease while passing through an infected birth canal. e. It leads to corneal scarring.

a. It is most often a disease of adults who suffer from sexually transmitted chlamydia.

Transovarian transmission is a process in which:

an infected female vector transmits the pathogen to the eggs forming in its ovaries.

A young woman who was recently hiking in the mountains and discovered a tick on her torso has a fever that came on quite suddenly. She has no rash, but she develops leukopenia. Which of the following diseases is she most likely to have contracted?

anaplasmosis

Which of the following are virulence factors contributing the pathogenicity of Neisseria species?

both a capsule and fimbriae

Which characteristic(s) are used to distinguish members of the Enterobacteriaceae from one another?

both motility and the ability to ferment lactose.

Sexually transmitted chlamydia is similar to infection with Yersinia pestisin that they both can produce:

buboes

Which of the following statements regarding Neisseria meningitidisis FALSE? a. Transmission is via respiratory droplets. b. Up to 40% of the population are carriers. c. There are vaccines available to prevent infection with all strains. d. Humans are the only natural carriers. e. It often causes meningitis.

c. There are vaccines available to prevent infection with all strains.

Which of the following statements regarding Ehrlichia is FALSE? a. The organism reproduces inside the host's phagosomes. b. It is transmitted by ticks c. It has three stages: elementary body, initial body, and morula. d. It is an emerging infectious disease. e. It usually causes a spotted rash similar to Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

e. It usually causes a spotted rash similar to Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the STI gonorrhea. Which statement about this pathogen is FALSE? a. Infected women are often asymptomatic. b. It causes disease in humans only. c. The gonococci stick to epithelial cells via fimbriae and capsules. d. The gonococci secrete a protease that destroys secretory IgA. e. The gonococci induce lasting immunity.

e. The gonococci induce lasting immunity.

The Ixodes tick can infect humans with Borrelia burgdorferi during which stage(s) of its life cycle?

either as a nymph or an adult

Which of the following organs have cells that can be infected by Chlamydia trachomatis?

eyes, trachea, rectum, and urethra.

The signs and symptoms of infection with Helicobacter pylori are the result of:

invasion by H. pylori into the mucosa of the stomach.

The sexually transmitted invasive form of chlamydia:

is caused by the LGV strain of Chlamydia trachomatis.

The most important virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae is:

its ability to produce a potent exotoxin.

Which of the following is a zoonosis caused by a spirochete?

leptospirosis

Which biochemical test is used to distinguish between the Enterobacteriaceae and the Pasteurellaceae?

oxidase test

Infection with the intracellular parasite Orientia tsutsugamushi can result in:

scrub typhus

This true pathogen is a non-coliform, Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, non-motile member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and it does not produce hydrogen sulfide gas.

shigella