Exam 3 - 3430

Match the cycle to its correct time frame: Macrocycle:

1 training year, usually 1 year

In terms of absolute strength, women generally have about _____________ the strength of men.

2/3

According to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines, as part of their 60 or more minutes of daily physical activity, children and adolescents should include both bone and muscle-strengthening physical activity on at least ________ days of the week.

3

Match the cycle to its correct time frame: Microcycle:

5-10 days up to 4 weeks

Match the cycle to its correct time frame: Mesocycle:

Several weeks to several months

The staleness that results from the lack of change in a training program is called:

accommodation

In older populations, the reduced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis to a given dose of protein intake, hormonal response, and/or muscle contraction is known as _________________________________.

anabolic resistance

According to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Active Older Adults, in addition to aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, what type of training should also be included?

balance

_____________________ is an individual's age in months or years whereas ____________________ can be measured in terms of skeletal age, somatic maturity, or sexual maturation.

chronological age; biological age

_________________ is the age-associated loss of muscle strength and power that is not caused by neurologic or muscular diseases.

dynapenia

This female hormone is considered to be potentially performance-enhancing, thanks to its effects on muscle-building, carbohydrate metabolism, and neuromuscular signaling.

estrogen

True of False? Muscle hypertrophy does not occur in resistance trained older adults

false

True or False? Within older adults, muscle strength declines earlier and more precipitously with advancing age compared with muscle power.

false

During the pubertal growth spurt, damage/trauma of the ____________________ is a major concern, yet this injury has never been reported in any prospective youth resistance training research study.

growth plates

In order to begin a youth resistance training program, children should...

have the emotional maturity to follow directions

All of the following are examples of progressively overloading the body through resistance training except:

increasing the rest time between sets with standard loading

The principle of _________________ states that all individuals respond differently to training

individualization

Which periodization model is the following an example of: Week 1-3: 5 sets of 10 reps Week 4-6: 4 sets of 8 reps Week 7-9: 5 sets of 5 reps Week 10-12: 3 sets of 3 reps Group of answer choices

linear (classical)

Changes in strength levels in children and preadolescents are primarily due to ___________________ factors, not morphological increases in hypertrophy.

neural

Lower extremity valgus (knee abduction) loading and anterior tibial translation are likely to be involved in the mechanism for what injury commonly observed in females?

non-contact ACL

Which periodization model is the following an example of? Monday: 3 sets of 10 reps Wednesday: 3 sets of 3 reps Friday: 3 sets of 5 reps

nonlinear (undulating)

____________________, meaning "porous bone" is a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. As a result, bones become weak and may break from a fall or, in serious cases, from sneezing or minor bumps.

osteoporosis

______________________is the period of the pubertal growth spurt where maximum rate of growth occurs, and as a subsequent result, training should be modified.

peak height velocity

__________________ is a strategy to promote long-term training and performance improvements with preplanned, systematic variations in training specificity, intensity, and volume organized in periods or cycles within an overall program.

periodization

Which reproductive hormone in women inhibits the effects of estrogen?

progesterone

The gradual increase in stress placed on the human body during training is called:

progressive overload

The principle of ________________ occurs when there is a complete cessation or substantial reduction in training frequency, volume, or intensity (detraining) that results in performance reductions and a loss of some of the beneficial physiological adaptations associated with training.

reversibility

The degenerative loss of muscle mass due to aging is termed ________________________.

sarcopenia

The principle of _________________ entails that all training adaptations are specific to the stimulus applied.

specificity

_______________________ is the primary male sex hormone and is responsible for the androgenic and anabolic effects observed during male adolescence and adulthood.

testosterone

During puberty, a 10-fold increase in _______________________ production in boys results in a marked increase in muscle mass, whereas in girls an increase in __________________ production causes increased body fat deposition, breast development, and widening of the hips.

testosterone; estrogen

True or False? The two primary phases of the menstrual cycle are the luteal phase and the follicular phase.

true

True or False? When strength is expressed relative to muscle cross-sectional area, virtually no significant difference exists between sexes

true

True or False? Before puberty, there are essentially no differences in height, weight, and body size between boys and girls

true

True or False? Training adaptations are specific to the muscle actions involved, rate of movements, and velocity of force development.

true

_______________ torque forces cause the knees to bow inward, putting extra pressure on the outer (lateral) compartment of the knee joint.

valgus

The training principle of _____________________ requires alterations in one or more program variables over time to keep the stimulus of the body's systems optimal.

variation