Chapter 20 Reproduction

51. Sertoli cells are stimulated by __________, while Leydig cells are stimulated by ________. A. FSH, LH B. LH, FSH C. testosterone, LH D. FSH, testosterone

A. FSH, LH

94. What hormone triggers ovulation? A. LH B. FSHC C. progesterone D. hCG

A. LH

139. Gonadotropic hormones include all of the following EXCEPT A. adrenocorticotropin. B. follicle-stimulating hormone. C. luteinizing hormone. D. human chorionic gonadotropin.

A. adrenocorticotropin.

146. Blood within the umbilical ___________ contain(s) high concentrations of fetal waste products. A. arteries B. veins C. capillaries

A. arteries

117. The process of sperm gaining the ability to fertilize an ovum as they pass through the female reproductive tract is called A. capacitation. B. receptiveness. C. spermatogenesis. D. spermiogenesis.

A. capacitation.

126. What process occurs as the zygote travels towards the uterus in the fallopian tubes? A. cleavage B. fertilization C. capacitation D. polyspermy

A. cleavage

136. The chorion frondosum develops from the ___________ layer of the chorion. A. cytotrophoblast B. yolk sac C. syncytiotrophoblast D. amnion

A. cytotrophoblast

145. The maternal contribution to the placenta is the A. decidua basalis. B. chorion frondosum. C. chorionic villi. D. yolk sac.

A. decidua basalis.

81. Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive system? A. ductus deferens B. uterus C. labia majora D. uterine tube

A. ductus deferens

108. The LH surge is caused by A. estradiol increasing frequency of GnRH pulses. B. more FSH receptors placed in granulosa cells. C. a quick drop in FSH. D. rapid increase in progesterone.

A. estradiol increasing frequency of GnRH pulses.

114. The secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) will ___________ during menopause. A. increase B. decrease C. remain the same

A. increase

93. Luteal regression may be inhibited by A. inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins. B. stimulating the synthesis of progesterone. C. stimulating the synthesis of LH. D. inhibiting the synthesis of FSH.

A. inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins.

102. How many ova are produced by oogenesis of one oogonia? A. one B. two C. four D. eight

A. one

107. The LH surge is caused by a ______ feedback effect of increased estradiol. A. positive B. negative

A. positive

106. What is the major hormone produced during the luteal phase? A. progesterone B. estrogen C. androgen D. hCG

A. progesterone

96. Estradiol amounts rise during the ___________ phase of the endometrial menstrual cycle. A. proliferative B. menstrual C. secretory D. follicular

A. proliferative

69. Removal of the ___________ would result in a lack of energy in the semen to support the sperm cells. A. seminal vesicles B. prostate C. testis D. epididymis

A. seminal vesicles

71. About 60% of the volume of semen is produced by the A. seminal vesicles. B. prostate gland. C. bulbourethral glands. D. testes.

A. seminal vesicles.

58. Estrogen may play a role in spermatogenesis as evidenced by estrogen receptors found on developing A. sperm cells. B. brains. C. uterine. D. oocytes.

A. sperm cells.

137. What is a noninvasive method of determining structural abnormalities in the fetus called? A. ultrasound B. chorionic villi biopsy C. X-ray D. amniocentesis

A. ultrasound

125. A fertilized egg is called a(n) A. zygote. B. blastocyst. C. morula. D. embryo.

A. zygote.

113. For the rhythm method to be successful, coitus (sexual intercourse) must not happen A. during the first 10 days of the menstrual cycle. B. 6 days prior to ovulation through 2 days after ovulation. C. during the last 10 days of the menstrual cycle. D. Both during the first 10 days of the menstrual cycle and during the last 10 days of the menstrual cycle.

B. 6 days prior to ovulation through 2 days after ovulation.

68. Tight junctions between ___________ are responsible for the formation of the blood-testis barrier. A. Leydig cells B. Sertoli cells C. spermatogonial cells D. trophoblast cells

B. Sertoli cells

123. The progressive fusion of the acrosomal membrane with the plasma membrane of the sperm is called the A. spermatogenesis. B. acrosomal reaction. C. spermiogenesis. D. capacitation.

B. acrosomal reaction.

135. What is the procedure in which some amnionic fluid is aspired in order to obtain sloughed off fetal cells for examination? A. placentocentesis B. amniocentesis C. chorioncentesis D. uterocentesis

B. amniocentesis

120. Besides chromosomes, what else does the sperm provide to the zygote that is necessary for cell division to occur? A. mitochondria B. centrosome C. enzymes D. All of the choices are correct.

B. centrosome

124. Ova are fertilized in the A. cervix. B. fallopian tubes. C. uterus. D. vagina.

B. fallopian tubes. / oviduct

142. What hormone is secreted by the trophoblast cells of the chorion that is used in a pregnancy test to determine if a woman is pregnant? A. LH B. hCG C. estrogen D. oxytocin

B. hCG

162. Development of the mammary gland during gestation A. is inhibited by estrogens. B. is stimulated by estrogens. C. is elevated when dopamine is given to pregnant women. D. requires the permissive effects of insulin, testosterone, and cortisol.

B. is stimulated by estrogens.

99. The secretory phase of the endometrium occurs when the ovary is in the A. follicular phase. B. luteal phase. C. menstrual phase. D. ovulatory phase.

B. luteal phase.

128. A ball of about eight cells formed about 50 to 60 hours after fertilization is called a A. zygote. B. morula. C. blastocyst. D. embryo.

B. morula. ? 16 cells

109. The LH surge causes A. menses. B. ovulation. C. endometrium build-up. D. All of the choices are correct.

B. ovulation.

154. Which of the following is NOT a role of estriol in parturition? A. produces more receptors for oxytocin B. produces the hormone relaxin C. produces more receptors for prostaglandins D. produces more gap junctions between myometrial cells

B. produces the hormone relaxin

63. After meiosis I in males, ________ are formed. A. primary spermatocytes B. secondary spermatocytes C. spermatids D. spermatozoa

B. secondary spermatocytes

95. The ___________ phase of the endometrium is supported when the ovary is in the luteal phase. A. proliferative B. secretory C. menstrual D. ovulatory

B. secretory

15. What is the principle sex steroid in males? A. estrogen B. testosterone C. progesterone D. aldosterone

B. testosterone

65. Spermatogenesis is regulated by A. FSH. B. testosterone and its derivatives. C. growth hormone. D. progesterone.

B. testosterone and its derivatives.

105. Day 1 of the menstrual cycle is A. the day ovulation occurs. B. the first day of the menses. C. the last day of the menses. D. the first day of the proliferative phase.

B. the first day of the menses.

121. The calcium wave that prevents polyspermy also causes A. the sperm to lose its tail. B. the secondary oocyte to finish meiosis II. C. mitosis to occur. D. All of these choices are correct.

B. the secondary oocyte to finish meiosis II.

9. A fertilized egg is called a/an A. autosome. B. zygote. C. ovum. D. Barr body.

B. zygote.

2. How many autosomal chromosomes are present in human cells? A. 23 pair B. 46 C. 22 pair D. 2 pair

C. 22 pair

118. The __________ provides enzymes that allows the sperm to digest a pathway through the zona pellucida to the oocyte. A. chorion B. zygote C. acrosome D. blastocyst

C. acrosome

131. The blastocyst consists of the A. blastocyst and amnion. B. morula and placenta. C. chorion and inner cell mass. D. embryo and chorion.

C. chorion and inner cell mass.

129. Nidation is the process of the blastocyst implanting itself into the thick A. myometrium. B. fallopian tubes. C. endometrium. D. epimetrium.

C. endometrium.

70. Sperm are stored and matured in the A. vas deferens. B. seminal vesicles. C. epididymis. D. prostate gland.

C. epididymis.

78. How many sperm are produced from one spermatogonium? A. one B. two C. four D. eight

C. four

122. The trophoblast cells of the chorion secrete _____ which maintains the corpus luteum thereby preventing menstruation. A. GnRH B. ACTH C. hCG D. FSH

C. hCG

54. Secretion of LH is inhibited by A. high concentrations of inhibin. B. rapidly rising concentrations of estradiol. C. high concentrations of testosterone. D. decreasing concentrations of progesterone.

C. high concentrations of testosterone.

157. In humans parturition can be blocked by A. inhibiting the actions of progesterone. B. stimulating the actions of estrogen. C. inhibiting the actions of oxytocin. D. stimulating the actions of chorionic gonadotropin.

C. inhibiting the actions of oxytocin.

82. Which of the following is the essential organ of the female reproductive system? A. uterus B. vagina C. ovaries. D. uterine tubes

C. ovaries.

90. What is it called when a mature follicle ruptures and ejects the oocyte into the uterine tube? A. gestation B. menstruation C. ovulation D. fertilization

C. ovulation

155. What hormone may play a role in reducing the size of the uterus following delivery? A. progesterone B. prostaglandin C. oxytocin D. prolactin

C. oxytocin

148. The __________ is an "incomplete endocrine gland" because it cannot produce estrogen and progesterone without the aid of precursors supplied to it by both the mother and the fetus. A. ovary B. uterus C. placenta D. uterine tube

C. placenta

97. In the female menstrual cycle A. ovulation is stimulated by decreasing concentrations of progesterone. B. menstruation occurs during the last four days of the cycle. C. progesterone secretion is stimulated by LH. D. the luteal phase is characterized by high circulating concentrations of estrogens.

C. progesterone secretion is stimulated by LH.

110. High progesterone levels during the luteal phase A. causes cervical mucus to thicken. B. suppresses FSH and LH. C. causes thickening of the endometrium. D. All of the choices are correct.

D. All of the choices are correct.

23. Testosterone, not DHT, stimulates embryonic development of A. seminal vesicles. B. ductus deferens. C. ejaculatory duct. D. All of the choices are correct.

D. All of the choices are correct.

16. How many chromosomes are found in a normal human cell? A. 23 B. 23 pair C. 46 D. Both 23 pair and 46 are correct.

D. Both 23 pair and 46 are correct.

156. The sensitivity of the uterus to oxytocin is increased by A. prostaglandin. B. progesterone. C. testosterone. D. estrogen.

D. estrogen.

151. Initiation of labor involves all of the following EXCEPT A. corticotropin-releasing hormone from the placenta. B. DHEAS from the fetal adrenal gland. C. cortisol from the mother and fetus. D. human chorionic gonadotropin from the placenta.

D. human chorionic gonadotropin from the placenta.

103. What are the small cells produced by the uneven cytoplasmic divisions or oogenesis? A. thecal cells B. follicles C. antrum D. polar bodies

D. polar bodies

66. Which of the following is NOT a function of Sertoli cells? A. production of androgen-binding protein B. FSH stimulation of spermiogenesis C. protection of developing sperm from the male's immune system D. production of testosterone

D. production of testosterone

160. What hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates production of milk proteins? A. oxytocin B. growth hormone C. MSH D. prolactin

D. prolactin

50. The majority of the testis is comprised of A. Leydig cells. B. interstitial cells. C. Sertoli cells. D. seminiferous tubules.

D. seminiferous tubules.

86. Which is NOT characteristic of a graafian follicle? A. has a fluid-filled antrum B. granulosa cells secrete estradiol C. contains a secondary oocyte D. the oocyte has completed meiosis II

D. the oocyte has completed meiosis II