Chapter 21 Blood Vessels

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called a. sinusoidal capillaries. b. continuous capillaries. c. vasa vasorum. d. sinusoids. e. fenestrated capillaries.

B

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except a. stimulation of the heart by epinephrine. b. increased blood concentration of glucose. c. decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. d. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. e. increased venous return.

B

Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure __________. a. raises arterial pressure b. forces more fluid across the endothelium c. lowers heart rate d. raises heart rate

B

Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased a. sodium ion levels in blood. b. salt and water loss through the kidneys. c. blood pressure. d. venous return and preload. e. blood volume.

B

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in a. skeletal muscles. b. the pituitary. c. skin. d. bone. e. cardiac muscle.

B

ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for a. hypertension. b. a heavy meal. c. a serious hemorrhage. d. a heart attack. e. prolonged exercise.

C

Each of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except __________. a. increase in aldosterone b. increase in peripheral resistance c. an inhibitor of angiotensin II d. increase in blood volume

C

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply? a. venule b. artery c. vein d. arteriole e. capillary

C

Arterial blood flow rises and falls during the cardiac cycle because __________. a. heart rate rises and falls b. peripheral resistance rises and falls c. peripheral resistance rises and arterial pressure drops d. arterial pressure rises and falls

D

The cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata control __________. a. heart rate b. cardiac contractility c. peripheral resistance d. All of these are controlled by the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata.

D

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. a. blood b. circulatory c. critical closing d. pulse e. mean arterial

D

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the a. veins constrict. b. level of oxygen at the tissue increases. c. arterioles constrict. d. level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases. e. arterioles dilate.

E

During exercise a. venous return increases. b. vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. c. both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. d. venous return increases and vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. e. All of the answers are correct.

E

Edema may occur when a. endothelial permeability goes up. b. blood pressure is high. c. capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. d. the plasma concentration of protein is reduced. e. All of the answers are correct.

E

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? a. obesity b. lack of exercise c. high cholesterol d. smoking e. All of the answers are correct.

E

Which of the following changes doesn't occur during exercise compared to rest? a. kidney blood flow is lower b. abdominal viscera blood flow is lower c. cardiac output is higher d. heart blood flow is higher e. skin blood flow is lower

E

Blood pressure is determined by a. estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. b. listening carefully to the pulse. c. measuring the size of the pulse. d. estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel. e. measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle.

A

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called a. fenestrated capillaries. b. discontinuous capillaries. c. vasa vasorum. d. sinuses. e. perforated capillaries.

A

In the case of hemorrhage, the body mobilizes all these defenses except _________. a. decreased ADH secretion b. increased heart rate c. increased thirst d. increased peripheral resistance

A

The ________ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver. a. hepatic portal vein b. superior mesenteric vein c. gastric vein d. hepatic artery e. myenteric capillaries

A

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the a. concentration of plasma proteins. b. concentration of plasma glucose. c. concentration of plasma waste products. d. concentration of plasma sodium ions. e. number of red blood cells.

A

The layer of a blood vessel that is dominated by smooth muscle cells is called the __________. a. tunica media b. tunica intima c. tunica interna d. tunica adventitia

A

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the a. arteriole. b. capillary. c. vein. d. artery. e. venule.

A

Venous valves are responsible for a. channeling blood toward the heart. b. preventing anterograde flow. c. channeling blood away from the heart. d. preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle. e. regulating blood pressure in veins

A

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel? a. arteriole b. artery c. vein d. capillary e. venule

A

Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart? a. vascular resistance b. blood pressure gradient from arteries to veins c. muscular pumps squeeze veins and move blood toward the heart d. blood pressure e. peripheral veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood

A