Chapter 21 Brinkley

During the progressive era, the acknowledged leader of American socialism was

Eugene Debs.

During the progressive era, important sources for social reform included

New York's Tammany Hall political machine.

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the "Social Gospel" was

an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform.

Herbert Croly argued in his 1909 book, The Promise of American Life,

it was important that the federal government was led by a strong president.

The initiative and referendum were progressive era political reforms designed to weaken

state legislatures.

During the progressive era, reformers of city government frequently tried to

create city-managers.

In the year prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment

a large majority of states had given some voting rights to women. many states had given full voting rights to women.

In 1901, one of the first professions to organize on a national level was in the field of

medicine

In his 1899 book, A Theory of the Leisure Class, Thorstein Veblen argued

modern cities should rely on a handful of experts to solve their social problems.

In regards to divorce in the United States during the progressive era,

more than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce.

During the progressive era, significant voting rights for women were first won in

the Far West.

In 1904, Ida Tarbell published a highly critical study on

the Standard Oil trust.

During the progressive era, W. E. B. Du Bois asserted all the following EXCEPT

the principal tool for gaining civil rights was to elect blacks to public office

All of the following were progressive reformers from western states EXCEPT

Alfred E. Smith.

In 1916, Alice Paul and the National Women's Party

IT IS NEITHER OF THESE argued that the Nineteenth Amendment would protect women's rights. accepted the "separate sphere" argument for the vote for women.

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was

IT IS NEITHER OF THESE limited to a black membership. was a competitor organization to the Niagara Movement.

During the progressive era, clubwomen generally

IT IS NEITHER OF THESE raised many challenges to the existing male-dominated order. regarded marriage as an exploitive institution.

During the early twentieth century, the Industrial Workers of the World

advocated a single union for all workers.

During the progressive era, the woman suffrage movement

became the single largest reform movement of the early twentieth century.

In regards to organizing the professions during the progressive era,

by World War I, all states had established professional bar associations.

During the progressive era, the power of the political parties

declined as did voter turnout.

During the progressive era, supporters of woman suffrage argued that female voters

deserved the vote because of their unique traits as women.

At the turn of the twentieth century, the leaders of the settlement house movement

directed their attention at the living conditions in cities.

During the progressive era, the "new woman" was a product of

families with fewer children than in the past. labor-saving household technology. an increasing life expectancy.

At the turn of the twentieth century, leaders in the settlement house movement tended to be

female.

During the progressive era, clubs for African American women

frequently embraced controversial issues.

Between 1914 and 1919, the temperance movement

gained momentum as a result of World War I.

During the progressive era, the Socialist Party of America

grew stronger.

During the progressive era, the women's club movement

had a national organization to coordinate club activities.

The term "Boston marriage" refers to

two women who lived together.

The term "muckrakers" referred to

journalists.

In regards to race, during the progressive era

many southern white reformers viewed racial segregation as being progressive. most white reformers paid little attention to racial issues.

During the progressive era, one of the first targets for political reformers was

municipal governments.

A major reason progressive political reforms, such as the direct primary, were quickly embraced in the western states was

political parties were weak in this region.

The recall and direct primary were progressive era political reforms designed to weaken

political parties.

In the 1912 presidential election, the Socialist Party candidate

received nearly one million votes. attracted considerable support from both urban immigrants and rural farmers.

In regards to women and the professions during the progressive era,

social work was generally thought to be an appropriate career for women.

The settlement house movement of the early twentieth century helped spawn the profession of

social work.

In the aftermath of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City

strict regulations with effective enforcement were imposed on factory owners.

In regards to the immigrant population in the United States, progressive reformers

supported limiting the number of new arrivals. favored quickly assimilating new arrivals into American society.

In the early twentieth century, the theories of eugenics

supported the restriction of immigration by nationality.

While progressivism has many meanings it tended to be based on the central assumption

that American society was capable of improvement.

As governor of Wisconsin, the progressive reformer Robert La Follette helped create

the direct primary.

For western states during the progressive era, the major target for political reformers was

the federal government.

During the progressive era, opponents of political reform included many members of all of the following EXCEPT

the middle-class.

Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot, voter ballots were printed and distributed by

the political parties themselves.

World War I hurt the socialist movement in the United States because

the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country.

The most distinctive quality of women in professions during the progressive era was

they were concentrated in the "helping" professions.

At the turn of the twentieth century, Lincoln Steffens wrote extensively of the need to reform

urban political organizations.

The temperance crusade

was supported by most business employers.

The Women's Christian Temperance Union

was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history.

At the turn of the twentieth century, progressive activists

were "antimonopoly" and feared concentrated power.

During the progressive era, political "interest groups"

were a product of the progressive era.