Chapter 21 Brinkley
During the progressive era, the acknowledged leader of American socialism was
Eugene Debs.
During the progressive era, important sources for social reform included
New York's Tammany Hall political machine.
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the "Social Gospel" was
an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform.
Herbert Croly argued in his 1909 book, The Promise of American Life,
it was important that the federal government was led by a strong president.
The initiative and referendum were progressive era political reforms designed to weaken
state legislatures.
During the progressive era, reformers of city government frequently tried to
create city-managers.
In the year prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment
a large majority of states had given some voting rights to women. many states had given full voting rights to women.
In 1901, one of the first professions to organize on a national level was in the field of
medicine
In his 1899 book, A Theory of the Leisure Class, Thorstein Veblen argued
modern cities should rely on a handful of experts to solve their social problems.
In regards to divorce in the United States during the progressive era,
more than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce.
During the progressive era, significant voting rights for women were first won in
the Far West.
In 1904, Ida Tarbell published a highly critical study on
the Standard Oil trust.
During the progressive era, W. E. B. Du Bois asserted all the following EXCEPT
the principal tool for gaining civil rights was to elect blacks to public office
All of the following were progressive reformers from western states EXCEPT
Alfred E. Smith.
In 1916, Alice Paul and the National Women's Party
IT IS NEITHER OF THESE argued that the Nineteenth Amendment would protect women's rights. accepted the "separate sphere" argument for the vote for women.
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was
IT IS NEITHER OF THESE limited to a black membership. was a competitor organization to the Niagara Movement.
During the progressive era, clubwomen generally
IT IS NEITHER OF THESE raised many challenges to the existing male-dominated order. regarded marriage as an exploitive institution.
During the early twentieth century, the Industrial Workers of the World
advocated a single union for all workers.
During the progressive era, the woman suffrage movement
became the single largest reform movement of the early twentieth century.
In regards to organizing the professions during the progressive era,
by World War I, all states had established professional bar associations.
During the progressive era, the power of the political parties
declined as did voter turnout.
During the progressive era, supporters of woman suffrage argued that female voters
deserved the vote because of their unique traits as women.
At the turn of the twentieth century, the leaders of the settlement house movement
directed their attention at the living conditions in cities.
During the progressive era, the "new woman" was a product of
families with fewer children than in the past. labor-saving household technology. an increasing life expectancy.
At the turn of the twentieth century, leaders in the settlement house movement tended to be
female.
During the progressive era, clubs for African American women
frequently embraced controversial issues.
Between 1914 and 1919, the temperance movement
gained momentum as a result of World War I.
During the progressive era, the Socialist Party of America
grew stronger.
During the progressive era, the women's club movement
had a national organization to coordinate club activities.
The term "Boston marriage" refers to
two women who lived together.
The term "muckrakers" referred to
journalists.
In regards to race, during the progressive era
many southern white reformers viewed racial segregation as being progressive. most white reformers paid little attention to racial issues.
During the progressive era, one of the first targets for political reformers was
municipal governments.
A major reason progressive political reforms, such as the direct primary, were quickly embraced in the western states was
political parties were weak in this region.
The recall and direct primary were progressive era political reforms designed to weaken
political parties.
In the 1912 presidential election, the Socialist Party candidate
received nearly one million votes. attracted considerable support from both urban immigrants and rural farmers.
In regards to women and the professions during the progressive era,
social work was generally thought to be an appropriate career for women.
The settlement house movement of the early twentieth century helped spawn the profession of
social work.
In the aftermath of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City
strict regulations with effective enforcement were imposed on factory owners.
In regards to the immigrant population in the United States, progressive reformers
supported limiting the number of new arrivals. favored quickly assimilating new arrivals into American society.
In the early twentieth century, the theories of eugenics
supported the restriction of immigration by nationality.
While progressivism has many meanings it tended to be based on the central assumption
that American society was capable of improvement.
As governor of Wisconsin, the progressive reformer Robert La Follette helped create
the direct primary.
For western states during the progressive era, the major target for political reformers was
the federal government.
During the progressive era, opponents of political reform included many members of all of the following EXCEPT
the middle-class.
Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot, voter ballots were printed and distributed by
the political parties themselves.
World War I hurt the socialist movement in the United States because
the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country.
The most distinctive quality of women in professions during the progressive era was
they were concentrated in the "helping" professions.
At the turn of the twentieth century, Lincoln Steffens wrote extensively of the need to reform
urban political organizations.
The temperance crusade
was supported by most business employers.
The Women's Christian Temperance Union
was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history.
At the turn of the twentieth century, progressive activists
were "antimonopoly" and feared concentrated power.
During the progressive era, political "interest groups"
were a product of the progressive era.