Chapter 24-DSM, HW, Ch Test

Which of the following statements is not true regarding cortical nephrons?

Cortical nephrons account for approximately 15 percent of all nephrons.

Which renal structure begins in the renal cortex and carries tubular fluid through the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla?

collecting duct

Variable secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions is a specific function of which renal structure?

collecting system

Contraction of which structure compresses the urinary bladder and expels its contents into the urethra?

detrusor muscle

The nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons have an important function that other parts of the nephron do not share. What is this function?

establishing the concentration gradient in the renal medulla

Which structure is composed of a layer of collagen fibers that covers the entire outer surface of the kidney?

fibrous capsule

When the pH of body fluids decreases, which of the following are secreted in exchange for sodium ions reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule?

hydrogen ions

Part complete The ______ control(s) capillary diameter and the rate of capillary blood flow.

mesangial cells

The ______ collects the urine produced by a single kidney lobe.

minor calyx

In a nephron, the long tubular passageway through which the filtrate passes includes the _______________.

proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the nephron loop

In which portion of the nephron and collecting system does the most reabsorption occur?

proximal convoluted tubule

Which structure filters the blood?

renal corpuscle

Formation of angiotensin I is triggered by ______.

renin

Blood enters each kidney through the renal arteries. What is the order in which blood travels from the renal artery to the glomeruli?

segmental artery-> interlobar artery -> arcuate arteries -> cortical radiate

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Adaptive immunity

In which of the basic processes involved in urine formation does blood pressure force water and soutes across the wall of the glomerular capillaries?

Filtration

What are the blood vessels found in the renal corpuscle that produce filtrated?

Glomerular capillaries

Which of the following is NOT a waste product normally found in urine?

Glucose is the answer but you should fine urea, creatinine and ammonia

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Introduction of plasma proteins into blood plasma

Which organ in the urinary system produces urine?

Kidney

Which of the following parts fo the nephron has two limbs with thick segments and thin segments?

Nephron Loop

Blood supply to the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron is provided by the ________________.

Peritubular Capillaries

What is the process that can return useful solutes like electrolytes and glucose to the blood?

Reabsorption

Which of the following brings oxygenated blood into the kidney?

Renal Artery

The kidneys are protected by all of the following except the _________________.

Renal Pelvis

What is the expanded, funnel-shaped structure in the kidney leading to the ureter?

Renal Pelvis

Which of the following is a dense, fibrous layer that anchors the kidney to surrounding structures?

Renal fascia

In what part of the kidney are the renal pyramids located?

Renal medulla

Which process in the formation of urine removes chemicals from the blood and puts them into the urine and is not driven by blood pressure?

Secretion

Which nervous system structure(s) inhibits micturition by relaxing the detrusor and contracting the internal urethral sphincter?

Stretch receptor impulses activate sympathetic outflow.

Which event correctly occurs under maximum ADH stimulation?

The DCT and collecting system become more permeable to water.

What is the most abundant nitrogenous waste that the kidneys remove from the blood?

Urea

Which of the following organic wastes is generated by the catabolism of amino acids?

Urea

Contraction of the muscular bladder forces urine out of the body through the ________________.

Urethra

Which organ in the urinary system temporarily stores urine?

Urinary bladder

What is the function of the vasa recta?

to collect and transport water and solutes within the renal medulla in association with the juxtamedullary nephron