Chapter 24 Section 4

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

. A violent antiforeign reaction swept China, encouraged by the Qing court and led by a secret society that foreigners called the Boxers. They blamed China's ills on foreigners. In the agony of defeat and unwanted reforms, the Boxers struck out at their enemies. More than two hundred foreign missionaries and several thousand Chinese Christians were killed.

How did some British women seek to affect British colonialism in India in the 19th century?

A small minority of British women tried especially to improve the lives of Indian women, both Hindu and Muslim, promoting education and legislation to move them closer to the better conditions they believed western women had attained (white women's burden).

The Meiji Restoration restored the Japanese emperor to power and... ?

Became the first non-western country to use an ancient love of country to transform itself and thereby meet the many sided challenge of Western expansion.

After 1860, why did foreign aggression diminish in China until near the end of the century?

Empress dowager Tzu Hsi combined shrewd insight with vigorous action to revitalize the bureaucracy. Destructive foreign aggression lessened, for the Europeans ha obtained their primary goal of establishing commercial and diplomatic relations.

What was the all-important goal of the architects of the Meiji Restoration?

The immediate goal of the new government was to meet the foreign threat. They tried to harness western industrialization and political reform to protect their country and catch up with Europe. The overriding concern was always to maintain a powerful state and strong military.

What belief drove native opponents to European colonial rule...in other words, why did some criticize the idea of colonial rule?

The nonconformists developed a burning desire for human dignity, economic emancipation, and political independence. Potential leaders discovered liberalism and they found themselves attracted to nationalism.

By 1890, how had Japan met the challenge of Western expansion?

The wholesale borrowing of the early restoration had given way to a more selective emphasis on those things foreign that were in keeping with Japanese tradition. Japan established an authoritarian constitution and rejected democracy. The power of the emperor and his minister was vast, that of the legislature limited. They also successfully copied the imperialism of western society.