Chapter 26: Urinary System

33) Reabsorption of filtered glucose from the lumen in the PCT is largely by means of A) countertransport. B) cotransport. C) facilitated diffusion. D) diffusion. E) active transport.

A?

41) In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce A) a larger volume of urine. B) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. C) urine with less glucose. D) urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. E) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.

A?

5. All of the following are true of the kidneys, except that they are A) located partly within the pelvic cavity. B) held in place by the renal fascia. C) covered by peritoneum. D) surrounded by a fibrous capsule. E) located in a position that is retroperitoneal.

A?

12) The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the A) renal corpuscle. B) renal sinus. C) renal calyx. D) renal hilum. E) renal pelvis.

D

18) A glomerulus is A) the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron. B) the expanded end of a nephron. C) the source of erythropoietin. D) a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. E) attached to the collecting duct.

D

19) The urine first passes from the glomerular capsule to the A) collecting duct. B) minor calyx. C) nephron loop (loop of Henle). D) proximal convoluted tubule. E) distal convoluted tubule.

D

35) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla? A) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration B) releases renin C) initial filtrate enters here D) final urine enters here E) tip of the medullary pyramid

E?

49) The left kidney lies ________ to the right kidney. A) transverse B) posterior C) superior D) inferior E) both A and C

E?

6) The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the A) ureter. B) pyramid. C) calyx. D) pelvis. E) hilum.

E?

9) The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the A) renal cortex. B) renal pelvis. C) renal sinus. D) renal medulla. E) renal papilla.

E?

86-95: Picture

86-95: Picture

29) Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can do all of the following, except A) trigger renin release. B) produce powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles. C) produce renal ischemia. D) increase the glomerular filtration rate. E) both B and C

??

15) The region known as the macula densa is part of A) the distal convoluted tubule. B) the proximal convoluted tubule. C) Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. D) the collecting duct. E) the nephron loop (loop of Henle).

A

17) Which of the following is not an important function of the kidney? A) excretion of excess albumen B) control of total body water C) control of production of red blood cells by bone marrow D) control of the electrolyte composition of the blood E) regulation of blood pressure

A

2) Urine is eliminated through the A) urethra. B) kidney. C) urinary bladder. D) liver. E) ureter.

A

24) The process of filtration occurs at A) the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. B) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). C) the collecting duct. D) the distal convoluted tubule. E) the proximal convoluted tubule.

A

37) The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries. A) peritubular B) glomerular C) efferent D) vasa recta E) cortical

A

42) The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium. A) transitional B) stratified squamous C) simple cuboidal D) simple columnar E) pseudostratified columnar

A

47) Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the A) efferent arteriole. B) afferent arteriole. C) interlobular arteriole. D) renal vein. E) vasa recta.

A

21) The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the A) collecting loop. B) nephron loop (loop of Henle). C) minor calyx. D) distal convoluted tubule. E) proximal convoluted tubule.

B

40) When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases, A) more urine is produced. B) less urine is produced. C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases. D) both A and C E) both B and C

B

44) During the micturition reflex, A) stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord. B) parasympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active. C) the internal sphincter is consciously relaxed. D) A, B, and C E) A and B only

B

7) The renal sinus is A) a renal corpuscle. B) an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule. C) part of a renal pyramid. D) the innermost layer of kidney tissue. E) a large branch of the renal pelvis.

B

8) The outermost layer of the kidney is the A) renal medulla. B) fibrous capsule. C) renal pelvis. D) renal cortex. E) major calyx.

B

22) The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is A) secretion of acids and ammonia. B) filtration. C) absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water. D) adjusting the urine volume. E) secretion of drugs.

B?

28) Substances larger than ________ are normally not allowed to pass through the filtration membrane. A) glucose B) amino acids C) sodium ions D) urea E) albumin

B?

11) Renal columns are A) internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule. B) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. C) bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex. D) expanded ends of the ureters. E) the basic functional units of the kidney.

C

14) Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the A) renal pyramid. B) renal papilla. C) renal corpuscle. D) nephron loop (loop of Henle). E) collecting tubule system.

C

3) Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by A) the urethra. B) the calyces. C) the ureters. D) blood vessels. E) lymphatics.

C

46) Each of the following organ systems excretes wastes to some degree, except the ________ system. A) digestive B) integumentary C) endocrine D) respiratory E) urinary

C

13) Major calyces are A) basic functional layers of the kidney. B) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. C) large branches of the renal pelvis. D) the expanded ends of renal pyramids. E) expanded ends of nephrons.

C?

30) The process of filtration is driven by A) active transport. B) renal pumping. C) blood osmotic pressure. D) blood hydrostatic pressure. E) solvent drag.

C?

45) Changes that occur in the urinary system with aging include all of the following, except A) a reduction in the GFR (glomerular filtration rate). B) problems with the micturition reflex. C) increased sensitivity to ADH. D) a decline in the number of functional nephrons. E) loss of sphincter muscle tonus.

C?

25) The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of three layers: A) podocyte filtration slits, matrix cells in the glomerulus, and endothelium of glomerulus. B) filtration slits, foot processes, and slit pores. C) fenestrations, matrix, and foot processes. D) dense layer of glomerulus, foot processes, and fenestrations in the capsule. E) endothelium of glomerulus, dense layer of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits.

D

26) Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine, except A) proteins. B) hydrogen ions. C) creatinine. D) amino acids. E) urea.

D

31) The ability to form a concentrated urine depends on the functions of A) the distal convoluted tubule. B) the proximal convoluted tubule. C) the collecting duct. D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). E) both C and D

D

34) Secretion of hydrogen ion by the PCT is by the process of A) active transport. B) facilitated diffusion. C) cotransport. D) diffusion. E) countertransport.

D

36) Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by A) countertransport for bicarbonate ion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) cotransport with Na and K ions. D) active transport. E) simple diffusion.

D

39) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term nephron loop (loop of Henle)? A) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration B) enables production of hypertonic urine C) relies on countercurrent multiplication D) A, B, and C E) B and C only

D

4) Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system, except the A) urinary bladder. B) urethra. C) kidney. D) rectum. E) ureter.

D

32) Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following, except A) stem cell movements. B) countertransport. C) cotransport. D) active transport. E) facilitated diffusion.

D?

1) The urinary system does all of the following, except that it A) regulates plasma concentrations of electrolytes. B) eliminates organic waste products. C) contributes to stabilizing blood pH. D) regulates blood volume. E) excretes excess albumen molecules.

E

10) Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called A) renal columns. B) calyces. C) renal pelvises. D) nephrons. E) pyramids.

E

16) The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the A) afferent arteriole. B) filtration membrane. C) nephron loop (loop of Henle). D) renal corpuscle. E) juxtaglomerular complex.

E

20) The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the A) calyx. B) nephron loop (loop of Henle). C) proximal convoluted tubule. D) papillary tubule. E) distal convoluted tubule.

E

23) The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney. 1. afferent arteriole 2. arcuate artery 3. interlobar artery 4. renal artery 5. glomerulus 6. cortical radiate artery 7. efferent arteriole 8. peritubular capillary The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is A) 4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 8. B) 4, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5, 1, 8. C) 4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5, 7, 8. D) 4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 1, 8. E) 4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8.

E

27) The glomeruli are best described as being tufts of A) arterioles. B) arteries. C) venules. D) veins. E) capillaries.

E

38) Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include A) creatinine. B) hydrogen and potassium ions. C) penicillin. D) all of the above E) A and B only

E

43) The detrusor muscle A) surrounds the renal pelvis. B) moves urine along the ureters by peristalsis. C) functions as the external urinary sphincter. D) functions as the internal urinary sphincter. E) compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra.

E