Chapter 27: The Fetal Heart and Chest
Fetal hydrops
A coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of:
hypo-plastic left heart syndrome
A group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent left ventricle is:
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
A group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent right ventricle is:
Gastrochisis
All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except:
Narrowing of the aortic arch
All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except:
Left ventricle
An EIF is most often seen within the:
Trisomy 21
An EIF would most likely be associated with:
A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm
Event ration of the diaphragm is best described as:
LS ratio
Fetal lung maturity can be assesssed using the:
rhabdomyoma
Most common fetal cardiac tumor:
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except:
10 weeks
The fetal heart is fully formed by:
Right ventricle
The moderator band is located within the:
Pleaural effusion
The sonographic bat wing sign is indicative of:
Between the right ventricle and the right atrium
The tricuspid valve is located:
VSD
What is an opening within the septum that serperates the right and left ventricles?
Pulmonary atresia
What is described as the absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs?
The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve
Which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart?
The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it.
Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts?
Pulmonary sequestration
A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as:
pleaural effusion
The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed:
Left atrium
The blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the:
Ectopic cordis
The condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed:
Two tubes
The embryonic heart begins:
Between the left ventricle and the left atrium
The mitral valve is located:
Diaphragmatic hernia
The most common cause of cardiac malposition is:
Foramen of bochdalek
The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the:
Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest
The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a(n):
Coarctation of the aorta
The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of:
One third
The normal heart will fill approximately _______ of the fetal chest.
Ductus arteriosis
What is the fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch?
Foramen ovale
What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum?
Foremen of morgagni
What is the opening located right anteromedialyy within thediaphragm?
Pulmonary hypoplasia
What is the term for underdevelopment of the lungs?
Ductus venosus
What structure shunts blood into the IVC from the umbilical vein?
Tuberous sclerosis
Which of the following are fetal rhabdomyomas associated with?
Aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle
Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels?
Diaphragmatic hernia
The visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of:
The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium
Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart?
VSD
Which of the following is considered to be the most cardiac defect?