Chapter 27: The Fetal Heart and Chest

Fetal hydrops

A coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of:

hypo-plastic left heart syndrome

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent left ventricle is:

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent right ventricle is:

Gastrochisis

All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except:

Narrowing of the aortic arch

All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except:

Left ventricle

An EIF is most often seen within the:

Trisomy 21

An EIF would most likely be associated with:

A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

Event ration of the diaphragm is best described as:

LS ratio

Fetal lung maturity can be assesssed using the:

rhabdomyoma

Most common fetal cardiac tumor:

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except:

10 weeks

The fetal heart is fully formed by:

Right ventricle

The moderator band is located within the:

Pleaural effusion

The sonographic bat wing sign is indicative of:

Between the right ventricle and the right atrium

The tricuspid valve is located:

VSD

What is an opening within the septum that serperates the right and left ventricles?

Pulmonary atresia

What is described as the absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs?

The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

Which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart?

The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it.

Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts?

Pulmonary sequestration

A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as:

pleaural effusion

The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed:

Left atrium

The blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the:

Ectopic cordis

The condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed:

Two tubes

The embryonic heart begins:

Between the left ventricle and the left atrium

The mitral valve is located:

Diaphragmatic hernia

The most common cause of cardiac malposition is:

Foramen of bochdalek

The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the:

Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest

The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a(n):

Coarctation of the aorta

The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of:

One third

The normal heart will fill approximately _______ of the fetal chest.

Ductus arteriosis

What is the fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch?

Foramen ovale

What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum?

Foremen of morgagni

What is the opening located right anteromedialyy within thediaphragm?

Pulmonary hypoplasia

What is the term for underdevelopment of the lungs?

Ductus venosus

What structure shunts blood into the IVC from the umbilical vein?

Tuberous sclerosis

Which of the following are fetal rhabdomyomas associated with?

Aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle

Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels?

Diaphragmatic hernia

The visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of:

The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart?

VSD

Which of the following is considered to be the most cardiac defect?