Chapter 3 : Mass wasting

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Factors influencing mass wasting (5)

1. Strength of slope and cohesion compostion 2. Gradient (slope) 3. Water presence 4. Tectonic activity : earthquakes/volcanoes 5. weathering, climate, vegetation, biological activity

Three external processes:

1. weathering 2. erosion 3. mass wasting

Rock falls result in what?

A Talus Slope

(Definition) CREEP

Almost imperceptable down slope movement of materials

Where do external earth processes occur?

At or near earth's surface and are powered by sun's energy

This type of movement commonly occurs even on very gentle slopes

Creep

What form of mass wasting does the most long-term economic damage?

Creep

What is the slowest mass movement?

Creep.

Mass Wasting

Downslope movement of earth's materials due to gravity

A rock avalanche is a type of this mass movement

Fall

Material falls through air, typically on very steep slopes

Fall

4 examples of mass movements

Falls, slide, flow, creep

"The earth's surface is never perfectly ____ but instead consists of ___."

Flat, Slopes

A lahar is a type of this mass movement

Flow

Material involved in this type of mass movement is saturated with water

Flow

What is the controlling factor in mass wasting?

Gravity

How is mass wasting classified?

How quickly material moves, what its composition is, and mannar of movement

Definition of FALL

Movement of material in air

(Definition) SOLIFLUCTION

Only occurs in areas of permafrost. Slow, downslope flow of water-saturated soil

Vegetation

Plant's root systems stabalize by binding soil

A slump is this type of movement

Slide

Layers of clay below the surface often are the cause of this type of mass movement

Slide

Material moves along surface in type of mass movement

Slide

What can trigger mass wasting events?

Tectonic plates, gravity, excessive water

(Definition) Erosion

The physical removal of material by a mobile agent ie flowing water, waves, wind, ice

Angle of Response

The steepest angle at which material remains stable. 25-40 degrees

(Definition) mass wasting

Transfer of rock and soil downslope under influence of gravity

Definition of FLOW

Viscous fluid and hapens during warming tempuratures

From where does the energy that powers internal processes come?

earth's interior

Definition of SLIDE

material is cohesive but slides down plain or surface(sediment layers, faults, joints) A type of mass movement

Definition of weathering

physical breakdown (disintegration) and chemical alteration (decomposition) of rock at or near earth's surface

Examples of FALL

rock fall, avalanche

Examples of SLIDE

slump (curved surface)

From where does the energy that powers external processes come?

sun

A few examples of internal processes

volcanic activity, earthquakes, mtn building


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