Chapter 3 Questions Review

14. Active transport must function continuously because __________.

diffusion is constantly moving the solutes in the other direction

11. The tails of the phospholipids of the plasma membrane are composed of _____ and are _______?

fatty acid groups; hydrophobic

12. Water moves via osmosis _________.

from an area with a low concentration of solutes to an area with a higher one

9. Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?

mitochondrion

10. Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure?

protein

6. Which of these do all prokaryotes and eukaryotes share? A. nuclear envelope B. cell walls C. organelles D. plasma membrane

D. plasma membrane

1. Figure 3.7 What structures does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not have? What structures does an animal cell have that a plant cell does not have?

Plant cells have plasmodesmata, a cell wall, a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and plastids. Animal cells have lysosomes and centrosomes.

5. The ___________ is the basic unit of life. A. organism B. cell C. tissue D. organ

B. cell

2. Figure 3.13 Why does the cis face of the Golgi not face the plasma membrane?

Because that face receives chemicals from the ER, which is toward the center of the cell.

4. When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, scientists use _________ to distinguish the individual components of cells. A. a beam of electrons B. radioactive isotopes C. special stains D. high temperatures

C. special stains

3. Figure 3.22 A doctor injects a patient with what he thinks is isotonic saline solution. The patient dies, and autopsy reveals that many red blood cells have been destroyed. Do you think the solution the doctor injected was really isotonic?

No, it must have been hypotonic, as a hypotonic solution would cause water to enter thecells,therebymakingthemburst.

13. The principal force driving movement in diffusion is __________.

concentration gradient

7. A typical prokaryotic cell __________________ compared to a eukaryotic cell.

is smaller in size by a factor of 100

8. Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

ribosome