Chapter 3 Sociology

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tangible human creations are called

artifacts

specific statements that people hold to be true refer to

beliefs

cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society

counterculture

a type of conflict that occurs when different cultural values and beliefs clash. It has been used to explain violence and crime.

cultural conflict

the close relationships among various elements of a cultural system

cultural integration

the process by which one generation passes culture to the next

cultural transmission

the ways of thinking, the ways of ating, and the material objects that together form a people's way of life

culture

_____ _____ the beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that constitute a peoples way of life

culture is

the personal disorientation that accompanies exposure to an unfamiliar way of life is termed

culture shock

the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture

ethnocentrism

mores are norms which have little moral significance within a culture

false

the term society refers to a shared way of life

false

values are defined as rules and expectations by which society guides the behavior of its members

false

norms for routine or casual interaction

folkways

The old adage "Do as I say, not as I do" illustrates the distinction between

ideal and real culture

values and norms suggest how we should act

ideal culture

a system of symbols that allow members of a society to communicate with one other is the definition of

language

the tangible things created by members of society are referred to as

material culture

norms that are widely observed and have a great moral significance

mores

the ideas created by members of a society

nonmaterial culture

_____ refer to rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of the members

norms

rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members

norms

rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members refers to

norms

the most popular music in the U..S. in 1998 was

pop

_______ norms tell us what we should do, while ________, norms tell us what we should not do

prescriptive, proscriptive

includes the values and norms that are actually followed by a culture.

real culture

takes the form of rewards and punishments

sanctions

______ _________ refers to the various means by which members of a society encourage conformity to norms

social control

the organized interaction of people in a nation or within some other boundary is the definition for

society

cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population is termed

subculture

anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture

symbol

five key components of culture as

symbols,laws.values, beliefs, norms,technology

knowledge that a society applies to the task of living in a physical environment

technology

knowledge that people apply to the task of living in their surrounding refers to

technology

knowledge that people apply to the task of living in their surroundings refers to

technology

Cultural __________ refers to the process by which one generation passes culture to the next

transmission

cultural symbols often change over time, and even vary within a single society

true

cultural transmission is defined as a process by which culture is passed from one generation to the next

true

nonmaterial culture refers to the intangible world of ideas created by members of society

true

social sanctions,operating as a system of social control,can involve rewards or punishments

true

technology is defined as the knowledge that people apply to the task of living in their surroundings

true

while _____ are broad guidelines for social living, _____ are statements that people hold to be true

value, beliefs

culturally defined standards of desirability, goodness. and beauty, which serve as broad guidelines for social living, is the definition for _____

values

culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living

values

progress and freedom are examples of U.S

values

2 components of culture

values and norms

symbols,a component of culture, can

vary from culture to culture, provide a foundation for the reality we experience and vary within a given culture


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