Chapter 33

A client has frequent office visits due to a primary diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and various associated complications. The nurse emphasizes the importance of eating a well-balanced healthy diet, including which nutrients? A. glutamine, B vitamins, and magnesium B. arginine, zinc, and vitamin D C. iron, zinc, and polyunsaturated fatty acids D. vitamin K, vitamin D, and probiotics

A

A client undergoing a skin test has been intradermally injected with a disease-specific antigen on the inner forearm. The client becomes anxious because the area begins to swell. What advice should the nurse give to calm the client? A. assure the client that this is a normal reaction B. apply ice packs to reduce the swelling C. advise the client to use prescribed analgesics D. gently rub the swollen area to accelerate the blood flow

A

What types of cells are the primary targets of the healthy immune system? Select all that apply. A. infectious cells B. cancerous cells C. typical cells D. foreign cells

A, B, D

A client has ankylosing spondylitis (AS), an inflammatory joint disease. The client has been receiving treatment for AS since the age of 14 years. In addition to having AS, the client has recently developed primary immune deficiency disorder and receives immunoglobin infusions weekly. Which type of immunity develops from receiving immunoglobin treatments? A. naturally acquired active immunity B. passive immunity C. artificially acquired active immunity D. immunity does not develop after receiving immunoglobin treatments

B

A client has had a splenectomy after sustaining serious internal injuries in a motorcycle accident, including a ruptured spleen. Following removal of the spleen, the client will be susceptible to: A. acidosis because the spleen maintains acid-base balance B. infection because the spleen removes bacteria from the blood C. anemia because the spleen produces red blood cells D. bleeding because the spleen synthesizes vitamin K

B

Lymphoid tissues, which perform a function within the immune response, are found throughout the body. While the thymus gland, tonsils and adenoids, spleen and lymph nodes are lymphoid tissues, where else in the body can lymphoid tissues be found? Select all that apply. A. brain B. stomach C. lungs D. kidneys E. intestines

C, E

A client has a known allergy to peanuts, meaning that the client's immune system has identified peanuts as a foreign invader and has produced specific cells to attack if the client should come in contact with peanuts again. The formation of these specific cells is known as: A. inflammatory response B. memory response C. cell-mediated response D. humoral response

D

During the immune response, cytotoxic cells bind to invading cells, destroy the targeted invader, and release lymphokines to remove the debris. Which type of T-cell lymphocyte is cytotoxic? A. helper T cells B. regulator T cells C. suppressor T cells D. effector T cells

D

The body has several mechanisms to fight disease, one of which is sending chemical messengers. The messengers released by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages have differing roles in the immune response. Which messenger promotes inflammation, fever, and angiogenesis? A. tumor necrosis factor B. colony-stimulating factors C. interferons D. interleukins

D

A nursing instructor is giving a lecture on the immune system. The instructor's discussion on phagocytosis will include: A. neutrophils and monocytes B. regulator T cells and helper T cells C. lymphokines and suppressor T cells D. plasma cells and memory cells

A

Immunocompetence is the ability of the immune system to cooperatively protect a person from external invaders and the body's own altered cells. Immunocompetence is maintained by white blood cells and: A. lymphoid tissue B. antibodies C. cytokines D. the compliment system

A

Immunoglobins promote the destruction of invading cells in various ways, using different mechanisms. Which mechanism is used by immunoglobins to destroy pathogenic antigens? A. all options are correct B. agglutination C. neutralization D. precipitation

A

The immune system is a complicated and intricate system that contains specialized cells and tissues that protect us from external invaders and our own altered cells. Which term is used to define any substances capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response? A. antigens B. lymphokines C. lymphocytes D. antibodies

A

The thymus gland, a lymphoid tissue, programs T lymphocytes to become regulator or effector T cells. In which part of the life cycle does the thymus gland produce lymphocytes? A. fetal development B. after birth C. adulthood D. adolescence

A

A client has recently been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, and is also receiving further testing for disorders of the immune system. The client works as an aid at a facility caring for children infected with AIDs. Which factors will hold significant implications during the client's assessment? Select all that apply. A. work environment B. age C. history of immunizations and allergies D. use of other drugs E. diet F. her home environment

A, C, D

A client's health care provider suspects the client has developed an immune system disorder. What will most likely to be the first ordered? A. complete blood count (CBC) B. CBC with differential C. blood chemistry D. liver enzyme studies

B

The body has several mechanisms to fight disease, one of which is sending chemical messengers. The messengers released by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages have differing roles in the immune response. Which messenger helps in cellular repair in small doses yet destroys healthy tissue in excessive doses? A. interferons B. tumor necrosis factor C. interleukins D. colony-stimulating factors

B

Which immunity type becomes active as a result of infection by specific microorganism? A. artificially acquired passive immunity B. naturally acquired active immunity C. naturally acquired passive immunity D. artificially acquired active immunity

B

An older client doesn't understand why advancing age increases susceptibility to illness. What will be included in the nurse's explanation? Select all that apply. A. the body's lymphoid tissue decreases with age B. the amount of antibody produced in response to most foreign antigens decreases with age C. the body's number of B-cell lymphocytes decreases with age D. the body's number of T-cell lymphocytes decreases with age

B, D

What types of cells are the primary participants in immune response? Select all that apply. A. leukocytes B. B-cell lymphocytes C. monocytes D. T-cell lymphocytes

B, D

The body has several mechanisms to fight disease, one of which is sending chemical messengers. The messengers released by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages have differing roles in the immune response. Which messenger enables cells to revisit viral replication and slow viral replication? A. tumor necrosis factor B. colony-stimulating factor C. interferons D. interleukins

C

What is the most important guideline for a nurse caring for immunosuppressed clients? A. ensure a balanced and varied diet B. uplift the morale of such clients C. follow the guidelines of the agency for controlling infections D. maintain a serene atmosphere

C

Decades ago, before the role of the tonsils and adenoids was better understood, it was typical after repeated bouts with tonsillitis to have a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Today it is understood that the tonsils and adenoids are lymphoid tissues that: A. increase the efficacy of an antibiotics B. filter bacteria from tissue fluid C. program T lymphocytes D. eliminate cancer cells

B

A client is taking immunosuppressive medications to prevent the rejection of a transplanted kidney. Which adverse effect(s) should the nurse closely monitor in this client? A. rheumatoid arthritis B. respiratory or urinary system infections C. heart failure D. depression, memory impairment, and coma

B