Chapter 34 study guide History alive

How did Newton's work support the earlier work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo?

It offered a mathematical/scientific explanation for what earlier scientists had observed, but could not explain

What were some key scientific tools developed during the Scientific Revolution?

-Microscope -barometer -thermometer -telescope

What are the steps of the scientific method?

-state a question or problem -form a hypothesis -design & conduct an experiment on the hypothesis -measure the results of the test -analyze the results to determine if the hypothesis is correct

What were some of the important discoveries Galileo made with his telescope?

-the moons surface was rough and uneven (and didn't taste like cheese) -has moon's orbiting Jupiter -Venus had phases

What was Copernicus's theory about the sun and the planets? How was it different from what people believed before?

Copernicus' theory was that the planets rotated around the sun. The people believed that the sun and the other planets (beside Earth) rotated around Earth.

How did these discoveries help support the heliocentric theory?

They showed that not only could planets orbit the sun, But moons can orbit planets.

What was the basic idea behind Newton's law of gravity?

All force of attraction between them.

Why do you think church leaders felt so threatened by Galileo's support of the heliocentric theory?

If a major teaching (like the Earth being the center of the universe) could be disapproved, then any teaching from the church could be challenged.

Why do you think most people were willing to believe Copernicus's theory?

The bible stated the Earth was the center of the universe. And a lot of people, back then, believed the bible.

What kind of evidence did Copernicus and, later, Kepler use to develop and support the heliocentric theory?

They both observed the planetary observation & the orbits of the planets were ovals not circles

How important do you think these tools and the scientific method are today? Explain.

Very important, because today (for instance) we use the microscope to see organisms that you can't see regularly. Same thing with the telescope. It lets us see stuff that are far away.

Many Historians consider Isaac Newton one of the three most important figures of history. Based on what you've learned, would you agree? Why or why not?

Yes, because he discovered the three laws of motion.