Chapter 39
At what point should transport of the injured begin at an MCI? A. After all patients have been triaged B. After all "minor" patients have been directed to a treatment area, to relieve congestion at the scene C. After triage has identified "immediate" category patients and transport has been coordinated through the treatment and transport units D. As soon as the first ambulance arrives
After triage has identified "immediate" category patients and transport has been coordinated through the treatment and transport units
Which of the following must be assessed on a HAZMAT team member before that member enters the hot zone? A. Allergies B. Task assignment C. Baseline vitals D. Height and weight
Baseline vitals
If an EMS unit is the first to respond to a multiple-casualty incident, which role does the most senior EMT assume? A. Scene leader B. Incident commander C. Section coordinator D. Ground chief
Incident Commander
The characteristics of a rehab area include all of the following except which one? A. Free from exhaust fumes B. Large enough to accommodate a single crew C. Located in the cold zone D. Easily accessible to EMS units
Large enough to accommodate a single crew
Which warning placard is diamond-shaped and divided into four smaller diamonds? A. UN Globally Harmonized System B. DOT hazard label C. NFPA 704 System D. Material data safety sheet (MSDS)
NFPA 704 system
Which of the following best describes the required contents of shipping manifests associated with hazardous materials? A. Name of the substance, quantity, origin, and destination B. Health hazards, flammability hazards, explosion hazards, and special hazards C. Route of exposure, signs and symptoms, classification, and chemical structure D. The levels of toxicity, flammability, and reactivity
Name of the substance, quantity, origin, and destination
During START triage, you encounter an adult patient who is not breathing. Which of the following actions is the next step you should take? A. Open the airway and reassess breathing. B. Check the patient's pulse. C. Start CPR. D. Assign the patient a black tag.
Open the airway and reassess breathing.
The area in which secondary triage takes place at a multiple-casualty incident is the: A. transportation area. B. warm zone. C. treatment area. D. triage area.
triage area
Signs that identify the hazardous material contained within a transport vehicle are called: A. panels. B. placards. C. indicators. D. warnings.
Placards
What is the number of patients that generally serves as the lowest possible threshold for a multiple-casualty incident? A. 3 B. 10 C. 2 D. 15
3
Which of the following statements regarding a disaster plan is false? A. A disaster plan should be written to address any conceivable incident. B. A disaster plan should be realistic. C. A disaster plan should be rehearsed. D. A disaster plan should be well-publicized.
A disaster plan should be written to address any conceivable incident.
Which of the following events is LEAST likely to create a multiple-casualty incident? A. An apartment complex fire with confirmed entrapment B. A motorcycle collision with a guardrail C. A high-speed impact between a minivan and a sedan D. An outdoor stage collapse during a show at a state fair
A motorcycle collision with a guardrail
Which of the following HAZMAT training levels requires at least 24 hours of training? A. First Responder Awareness B. First Responder Operations C. Hazardous Materials Specialist D. Hazardous Materials Technician
Hazardous Materials Technician
Which of the following zones designates where the hazardous materials contamination is actually present? A. Hot zone B. Warm zone C. Cold zone D. Contamination zone
Hot zone
The senior EMT on the first vehicle that arrives on a scene with multiple patients should assume which of the following roles until relieved by a senior official? A. Triage supervisor B. Commander of the entire incident C. Transportation supervisor D. Incident Command of the scene
Incident Command of the scene
In which type of incident would unified command be most appropriate? A. More than three patients at a scene B. An incident that involves only EMS C. An incident that involves only fire/rescue D. Involvement of different branches of public safety
Involvement of different branches of public safety
If your crew is the first to arrive on the scene of a major MCI, what will be a major aspect of your scene size-up? A. Making a sweep to determine what needs must be met B. Preventing uncoordinated or undirected activity at the scene C. Making an initial scene report to the communications center D. Controlling on-scene communication as help arrives
Make a sweep to determine what needs must be met.
Which of the following agencies have developed regulations for dealing with hazardous materials emergencies? A. NHTSA and NRC B. DOT and FCC C. NAEMT and NHTSA D. OSHA and EPA
OSHA and EPA
What does the triage mnemonic START stand for? A. Simultaneous transport and rapid treatment B. Simultaneous triage and rapid treatment C. Simple triage and rapid treatment D. Simple treatment and rapid transport
Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment
Which of the following is most likely to indicate the presence of released hazardous material? A. Sudden irritation of the eyes B. Fire C. Black smoke D. A patient who is not breathing
Sudden irritation of the eyes
When grossly decontaminating a patient who is not wearing personal protective equipment in a hazardous materials incident, which of the following techniques should be used? A. Sponging with a dilute solution of water and white vinegar B. Taking a low-pressure decontamination shower C. Scrubbing with a long-handled brush D. Using a high pressure water jet system
Taking a low-pressure decontamination shower
Which of the following is LEAST likely an effect of a hazardous material? A. Produces pulmonary edema B. Scalds if heated too high C. Causes self-ignition of cellulose products D. Irritates the eyes and respiratory tract
Scalds if heated too high
Disaster plans are a predefined set of instructions that should be written to address the events that are conceivable for a particular location. They should also be: A. written, multijurisdictional, and rehearsed. B. written, realistic, and rehearsed. C. well publicized, multijurisdictional, and rehearsed. D. well publicized, realistic, and rehearsed.
Well publicized, realistic, and rehearsed
During triage of a 6-year-old patient, you discover that she is awake, breathing 28 times per minute, has a palpable pulse, and responds to verbal stimuli. The patient is not ambulatory. What is the correct triage category for this patient? A. Orange B. Green C. Red D. Yellow
Yellow
Identification of chemical hazards starts with: A. being alerted to the presence of hazardous materials by dispatch. B. awareness and knowledge of what exists in the community. C. identification of hazardous materials placards. D. seeing fumes in the air at the incident scene.
awareness and knowledge of what exists in the community.
To be classified as "walking wounded" in primary triage, a patient: A. must be in arrest. B. must have burns without airway problems. C. must have major or multiple bone or joint injuries. D. must have only minor musculoskeletal or soft tissue injuries.
must have only minor musculoskeletal or soft-tissue injuries.
Which of the following settings should most make the EMT consider the likelihood of a hazardous materials incident? A. A warehouse B. A residential house C. An apartment D. A car
warehouse
EMS operations generally include which six areas? A. Extrication, Staging, Triage, Air operations, Transportation, and Rehabilitation B. Extrication, Staging, Logistics, Triage, Operations, and Transportation C. Extrication, Operations, Logistics, Triage, Finance, and Transportation D. Extrication, Staging, Triage, Treatment, Transportation, and Rehabilitation
Extrication, Staging, Triage, Treatment, Transportation, and Rehabilitation
What is the highest level of training for HAZMAT incidents under OSHA regulations? A. On-Scene Incident Commander B. Hazardous Materials Specialist C. Hazardous Materials Technician D. First Responder Operations
On-Scene Incident Commander
To command activities at a hazardous materials incident site, the minimum level of training necessary is: A. First Responder Operations. B. Hazardous Materials Technician. C. On-Scene Incident Commander. D. Hazardous Materials Specialist.
On-Scene Incident Commander.
What are the three criteria for assessing patients during triage? A. Ability to walk, cervical spine injury, and mental status B. Respiration, pulse, and mental status C. Skin condition, pupil response, and grip strength D. Ability to speak, level of orientation, and severity of injuries
Respiration, pulse, and mental status
Psychological first aid involves: A. ordering patients in emotional distress to tend to other patients and work off the stress. B. caring, honest engagement with patients in emotional distress. C. ordering any emotionally overwhelmed patients out of the treatment area. D. telling distressed patients anything that will calm them down.
caring, honest engagement with patients in emotional distress.
You are on the scene of a mass-casualty incident in which the grandstand at a race track has collapsed. As the triage officer, you have encountered a 14-year-old male whose leg has been amputated above the knee. He is responsive to verbal stimuli, and he has an open airway, shallow rapid breathing, and a weak, rapid carotid pulse. This patient would be classified as a Priority ________ for treatment and transport. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 1
1
You are just leaving the scene of a multiple-casualty incident with two Priority 1 patients. Which of the following is appropriate regarding communication? A. Notify the receiving facility by radio of the nature of the patients' injuries. B. Notify the receiving hospital by cellular phone of the nature of the patients' injuries. C. Have dispatch relay your patient reports to the receiving facility. D. Allow the transportation supervisor to notify the receiving facility.
Allow the transportation sector officer to notify the receiving facility.
What constitutes a multiple-casualty incident (MCI)? A. An event that places a great demand on EMS equipment and personnel resources B. An event that unfolds over a long period of time and requires federal, state, and local response C. An incident with 3 to 15 patients that the service handles without calling for additional resources D. Any event that requires additional ambulances to adequately transport the patients from the scene
An event that places a great demand on EMS equipment and personnel resources
Which of the following statements best describes primary triage? A. A process of setting tactical objectives for the MCI B. An initial determination of each patient's priority for treatment and transport C. An initial determination of the number of patients involved D. An assessment of the scene for mechanism of injury
An initial determination of each patient's priority for treatment and transport
Which of the following is the most common type of multiple-casualty incident that EMS providers will respond to? A. Outbreaks of influenza B. Structure fires C. Automobile collisions D. Hazardous materials incidents
Automobile collisions
Which of the following is a 24-hour resource operated by the Chemical Manufacturers Association? A. CHEMTREC B. CHEMTRANS C. MSDS D. HAZTECH
CHEMTREC
Which of the following is considered a valuable informational resource in dealing with hazardous materials incidents? A. CHEMTREC B. NSA C. FEMA D. DHS
CHEMTREC
________ is the response agency, established in Washington, DC, as a service of the Chemical Manufacturers Association that can provide either you or your dispatcher with information about the hazardous material and contact the shipper to provide you with information about the material. A. ERG B. CHEMTREC C. EPA D. OSHA
CHEMTREC
Flammable solids, substances that are dangerous when wet, and spontaneously combustible materials are: A. Class 2 materials. B. Class 1 materials. C. Class 3 materials. D. Class 4 materials.
Class 4 materials.
At a hazardous materials incident, which of the following areas is used for triaging patients, performing necessary treatment, and stabilizing patients before transport? A. Cold zone B. Decon zone C. Warm zone D. Hot zone
Cold zone
In which of the following areas at a HAZMAT incident are normal triage, stabilization, and treatment performed? A. Temperate zone B. Cold zone C. Warm zone D. Command post
Cold zone
Which of the following is not an acceptable way of attempting to identify a hazardous material? A. Collecting a sample of the material for laboratory analysis B. Checking the safety data sheet C. Using binoculars to obtain information from the placard on a container D. Asking the driver of the tractor-trailer truck involved in the incident
Collecting a sample of the material for laboratory analysis
Which of the following is a principle of effective Incident Command? A. Command is most effective when one person is responsible for no more than seven other people. B. Police, fire, and EMS must establish separate command locations. C. The command location must not be revealed to anyone on the scene. D. None of the above
Command is most effective when one person is responsible for not more than 6 other people.
While other patients are waiting for triage, what is an appropriate treatment measure that can be performed during the ongoing triage process? A. Controlling severe bleeding B. Placing a patient on a backboard C. Applying a cervical collar D. Performing bag-valve-mask ventilations
Controlling severe bleeding
What is the process that removes the biological (etiological) contamination hazards because it destroys microorganisms and their toxins? A. Emulsification B. Dilution C. Disinfection D. Absorption
Disinfection
Which of the following actions may need to be taken by the EMT when treating and transporting a patient who was exposed to, and contaminated by, a hazardous material? A. Disposing of patient care equipment such as blood pressure cuffs and backboards B. Placing towels on the floor of the ambulance to soak up contaminated runoff water C. Wearing a gown, mask, and goggles to prevent secondary contamination D. Wearing heavy cloth gloves
Disposing of patient care equipment such as blood-pressure cuffs and backboards
Which of the following should immediately increase your suspicion of a hazardous materials incident? A. Smoke coming from the driver area of a vehicle involved in a head-on collision B. An out-of-control wildfire in a wooded area C. Emergency site at a factory D. Fire that starts on the lowest level of a residential structure
Emergency site at a factory
Which level of training is required for hazardous materials responders who are first on the scene to protect people, property, and the environment? A. First Responder Awareness B. First Responder Operations C. Hazardous Materials Specialist D. Hazardous Materials Technician
First Responder Operations
Andrea is an EMS supervisor with a combined EMS/Fire department. On the scene of a hazardous materials incident, she acts as a liaison with federal, state, and local authorities. Andrea's level of hazardous materials training is at the ________ level. A. Hazardous Materials Specialist B. First Responder Awareness C. First Responder Operations D. Hazardous Materials Technician
Hazardous Materials Specialist
Which of the following is a basic principle of disaster-preparedness planning? A. Develop very detailed plans that do not permit deviation from stated guidelines. B. Develop a plan that can be activated only by the highest-ranking government official. C. Develop a proposal that requires more resources before planning can begin. D. Prepare a plan that is specific, practical, and well-understood.
Prepare a plan that is specific, practical, and well-understood.
Using START triage guidelines, a patient on the scene of a mass-causality incident who has no pulse is deemed a ________ patient. A. Priority 3 B. Priority 0 C. Priority 2 D. Priority 1
Priority 0
Using START triage guidelines, a patient on the scene of a mass-causality incident who is not breathing initially, but begins breathing when the airway is open, is deemed a ________ patient. A. Priority 1 B. Priority 0 C. Priority 2 D. Priority 3
Priority 1
Using START triage guidelines, a patient on the scene of a mass-causality incident who is alert and able to walk is deemed a ________ patient. A. Priority 0 B. Priority 3 C. Priority 2 D. Priority 1
Priority 3
Which of the following best describes the use of secondary triage? A. To be used when there are too many casualties to be categorized during the primary triage B. To reevaluate the treatment priorities designated during primary triage C. To categorize patients who are found after all of the other patients have been triaged D. To treat EMS workers who were injured while assisting in the first phase of the rescue operation
To reevaluate the treatment priorities designated during primary triage
When transporting patients from the scene of a mass-casualty incident, who should be responsible for contacting the receiving hospital? A. Transportation supervisor B. Triage officer C. Transporting EMT D. Incident commander
Transportation supervisor
An example of psychological first aid for a patient at an MCI is: A. assuring the patient that everything the patient feels is normal and that responders are doing everything they can. B. asking the patient to consider the possibility the patient is in denial. C. telling the patient that despite how it looks, everyone at the scene will be okay. D. directing the patient to begin providing care to less critical patients.
assuring the patient that everything he feels is normal and that responders are doing everything they can.
A decontamination corridor would be established in the: A. hot zone. B. dead zone. C. warm zone. D. cold zone.
Warm zone
Field decontamination takes place in the: A. cold zone. B. warm zone. C. hot zone. D. safe zone.
Warm zone
Which of the following statements best describes the treatment that is acceptable during triage in MCIs? A. Refraining from providing all treatment B. Applying cervical collars and opening the airway C. Opening the airway and controlling severe bleeding D. Inserting oral or nasal airways and performing bag-valve-mask ventilations
Opening the airway and controlling severe bleeding
Which of the following is the best description of a safety data sheet (SDS)? A. Papers kept on site with hazardous chemicals B. Papers that must accompany hazardous materials during transport C. A placard that must be attached to a fixed container of hazardous materials D. A resource book published by the U.S. Department of Transportation for referencing hazardous materials
Papers kept on site with hazardous chemicals
Which statement best describes the use of the "black" category in START triage? A. Patients who have immediate threats to life, including rapid respirations, poor perfusion, and altered mental status B. Patients who refuse treatment C. Patients who have minor injuries and do not need immediate care D. Patients who are deceased or who are expected to die because they cannot maintain their airway or breathing
Patients who are deceased or who are expected to die because they cannot maintain their airway or breathing
A responder who has been assigned to decontamination has which of the following responsibilities? A. Being willing to treat patients without wearing PPE that could cause secondary contamination B. Performing triage in PPE C. Treating patients as they are received D. Providing contaminated PPE to responders heading back to the hot zone
Performing triage in PPE
Which of the following statements about decisions made by the transportation unit at an MCI is true? A. Priority 1 patients should be transported first, immediately after treatment. B. High-priority patients should all be transported to the same hospital. C. Ambulatory patients may be sent to a hospital on a bus without EMS personnel. D. Each ambulance should radio the receiving hospital with a detailed patient report.
Priority 1 patients should be transported first, immediately after treatment.
Which of the following has the highest priority at a hazardous materials incident? A. Immediately removing patients from a hazardous area B. Decontaminating clothing, equipment, and the vehicle C. Providing patient care D. Protecting the safety of all rescuers and patients
Protecting the safety of all rescuers and patients
Where is the decontamination corridor located where patients, personnel, and equipment are decontaminated? A. Cool zone B. Warm zone C. Cold zone D. Hot zone
Warm zone
Which of the following best describes the roles of Hazardous Materials Specialists? A. They keep at a safe distance and help to stop the emergency from spreading. B. They act as a liaison with federal, state, local, and other government authorities. C. They are trained to recognize a problem and notify the appropriate agencies. D. They plug, patch, or stop the release of a hazardous material.
They act as a liaison with federal, state, local, and other government authorities.
Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of triage? A. To find and treat all of one patient's injuries before moving on to the next patient B. To prioritize patients in an MCI C. To treat all serious illnesses and injuries as they are discovered D. To treat the youngest, healthiest patients first
To prioritize patients in an MCI
What is the purpose of secondary triage? A. To reevaluate each patient's priority for treatment and transport B. To assess patients who were not immediately found in the initial response C. To conduct a comprehensive examination of all patients D. To perform START triage
To reevaluate each patient's priority for treatment and transport
What should be done with an EMT who has become emotionally incapacitated at an MCI? A. Talk to the EMT with calm empathy until the EMT feels better enough to return to duty B. Review the EMT's performance, to identify what went wrong C. Treat the EMT as a patient, and remove the EMT to a place of rest D. Direct the EMT to treat only Priority 3 patients
Treat the EMT as a patient and remove him to a place of rest.
When several agencies work independently but cooperatively, rather than one agency exercising control over the others, this is called: A. single incident command. B. unified command. C. NIMS. D. ICS.
Unified Command
You are in charge of your department's personnel at the scene of a mass-casualty incident. As the incident progresses, you request additional resources, and a neighboring department assists you. As part of this department's response, a battalion chief responds to oversee operations. At the command post, you and the battalion chief work together to manage the incident. This cooperative management effort is known as: A. dual command. B. redundant command. C. unified command. D. incident command.
Unified Command
When responding to a multiple-casualty incident, staging refers to which of the following? A. Keeping a log of all patients transported B. Setting up a triage center from the back of your ambulance C. Waiting in a designated location until called upon by the designated section officer D. Staying on station until called upon to receive a patient
Waiting in a designated location until called upon by the designated sector officer
Which of the following statements about primary triage when resources are limited is true? A. CPR is begun on patients without breathing and a pulse if there are no injuries that are obviously incompatible with life. B. No interventions are performed during primary triage. C. You should open a patient's airway and control severe bleeding. D. It is inappropriate for EMTs to assign "walking wounded" patients to assist more seriously injured patients.
You should open a patient's airway and control severe bleeding.
In which of the following settings should the EMT be alert to the possibility of hazardous materials emergencies? A. Manufacturing industries B. Shipping ports C. Farm service agencies D. All of the above
all of the above
Which of the following should be considered during the scene size-up of a hazardous materials emergency? A. The properties and potential dangers of the substance B. Potential for spread of the substance C. Identification of the substance D. All of the above
all of the above
Hazardous material is: A. any material that is poisonous if ingested. B. any material that poses an unreasonable risk to life, health, or property. C. any material that is explosive or flammable. D. any material that is radioactive.
any material that poses an unreasonable risk to life, health, or property.
A multiple-casualty incident is: A. any medical or trauma incident that requires extensive rescue efforts. B. any trauma incident involving five or more critically injured patients. C. any medical or trauma incident involving multiple patients. D. any trauma incident involving a patient with multisystem injuries.
any medical or trauma incident involving multiple patients
A hot zone is: A. the area immediately surrounding a HAZMAT incident. B. an area where personnel and equipment are decontaminated. C. immediately identifiable with placards. D. an area where the support functions for an incident response are located.
area immediately surrounding a hazmat incident
To respond to a hazardous materials incident, the EMT should be trained at which level? A. Technician B. Operations C. Awareness D. Specialist
awareness
Organization for a smaller MCI would involve: A. treatment and transportation supervisors. B. site operations. C. command and a triage supervisor. D. aides to the triage supervisor.
command and a triage supervisor
All patients leaving the site of a hazardous materials incident should be considered: A. cleared for transport. B. contaminated. C. low-priority. D. stable.
contaminated
As it pertains to hazardous materials, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires employers to: A. ensure there is at least one person on-site trained at the technician level. B. train employees to handle any type of hazardous materials incident. C. have knowledge of all hazardous materials on the premises. D. document the appropriate level of training for each employee.
document the appropriate level of training for each employee.
You are directed to establish a rehab area at a HAZMAT incident. You know that this area must be: A. away from the media and the public. B. at least a quarter of a mile from the hot zone. C. established within the warm zone. D. easily accessible to EMS units.
easily accessible to EMS units.
A substance is LEAST likely to be a hazardous material if it: A. damages the eyes and mucous membranes. B. forms toxic hydrochloric acid fumes. C. is flammable and explosive. D. forms part of a daily diet.
forms part of a daily diet.
Which of the following is represented by the blue area of the NFPA 704 placard? A. Fire hazard B. Health hazard C. Reactivity D. Specific hazards
health hazards
When you call an emergency response service or agency regarding hazardous materials, which information is LEAST relevant? A. How long ago you believe the incident might have begun B. Estimate of the quantity of material transported and released C. Nature and location of the problem D. Injuries and exposures
how long ago you believe the incident might have begun
It is characteristic of a disaster plan to be all of the following except which one? A. Impractical B. Efficient C. Specific D. Predefined
impractical
Emotionally incapacitated EMTs: A. must observe on scene without providing treatment. B. may not return to duty even after they have rested. C. may rest until they are ready to return to duty. D. must leave the area, clock out, and go home.
may not return to duty even after they have rested
Which of the following is the best choice for triage supervisor? A. The oldest EMS provider B. The most knowledgeable EMS provider C. The senior EMT D. The highest-ranking EMS provider
most knowledgeable EMS provider
Priority 3 patients are also known as: A. walking wounded. B. deceased. C. immediate. D. delayed.
walking wounded
In addition to toxicity and flammability, which of the following is among the harmful properties of hazardous materials? A. Instability B. Solubility C. Conversion D. Reactivity
reactivity
A patient at an MCI is unresponsive but breathing 24 times per minutes with a strong radial pulse. To what triage category should the patient be assigned? A. Red B. Green C. Yellow D. Black
red
An area near a hazardous materials incident that is upwind from the incident and on the same level is a good location for a: A. danger zone. B. safe zone. C. treatment zone. D. hot zone.
safe zone
A hazardous material incident would be LEAST likely to take place: A. along a railroad. B. on the highway. C. at a school. D. in a factory
school
The plan for a large-scale MCI: A. is unnecessary unless an MCI involves at least 20 patients. B. should be a logical extension of the plan for a small-scale MCI. C. must be planned for an incident involving a very specific number of people. D. is completely different from the plan for a small-scale MCI.
should be a logical extension of the plan for a small-scale MCI.
Which of the following sector officers or supervisors is responsible in large-scale incidents for the provision of restrooms and meals, and for the rotation of crews? A. Transportation B. Supply C. Command D. Staging
staging
If arriving units are not needed right away, they should wait in the: A. staging area. B. transportation area. C. treatment area. D. triage area.
staging area
You arrive at the scene of a potential hazardous materials incident and see several patients lying on the ground next to an overturned truck with what looks like chemicals leaking out of it in all directions. You should: A. call out to the patients to see if any can leave the area of the accident. B. immediately act to save the patients. C. approach cautiously. D. take a command position.
take a command position.