Chapter 4

The currently available data on the heritability of anxiety disorders suggest that

a general vulnerability factor or anxiety proneness is what is inherited

Fear of situations such as public transportation, enclosed spaces, lines or crowds, of being outside of the home alone is a main symptom of

agoraphobia

Which of the following is NOT one of the four groups of specific phobias?

agoraphobia

Why do biological theories of anxiety disorders consider serotonin to be important?

all of these: -serotonin is lower in the csf of people with anxiety disorders -people who are prescribed ssri's, which increase serotonin, report that their feelings of anxiety decrease -biochemical challenges that alter serotonin levels are related to increase of decrease in feelings of anxiety

Which of the following is a major factor in distinguishing between normal anxiety and an anxiety disorder?

all of these: -developmental age -sociodemographics -functional impairment

Dr. Smith is interested in studying the cultural variations in psychological disorders. He might be most interested in which of the following?

ataque de nervios

Sam has a spider phobia, and he has not gone to the woodshed since his wife complained of all the cobwebs in there. He has responded behaviorally with

avoidance

David is terrified of going on a date because he has the constant belief that his date will "make fun of him" and that he will "say a bunch of wrong things." Which treatment orientation might be best suited for David?

cbt

Although PTSD affects people of all ages, genders, and ethnic backgrounds, it is slightly different in children because

children engage in traumatic play

Which of the following statements regarding SSRIs is accurate?

children should be monitored for increased suicidal thoughts

Clyde and Sarah just watched their teammate fail at an important athletic competition. Clyde then succeeded at the competition, and Sarah failed. Based on this scenario, which of the following is most likely to be accurate?

clyde has succeeded earlier in the same competition

Derealization or depersonalization (feelings of being detached from one's body or one's surroundings), fear of losing control or going crazy, and fear of dying are

cognitive symptoms of panic attacks

The criticism that it has become "too easy" to diagnose PTSD reflect which of the following?

conceptual bracket creep

Clive has PTSD. Whenever he hears a car horn, he feels an incredible sense of panic. This scenario describes which of the following?

exaggerated startle response

Todd is afraid of flying. He is invited for a job interview that requires air travel. He has a panic attack while preparing for his interview a week before his flight. His panic attack would fall under what type?

expected

The common ingredient in the most effective forms of behavioral and cognitive behavioral treatments of anxiety is

exposure

How many symptom groups are there in PTSD?

four

For the past year, Maya has been experiencing uncontrollable worry about the future of her business, crime in the neighborhood, whether her husband truly cares for her, and her children's health. All of these concerns are out of proportion to the actual situation. She may be experiencing

generalized anxiety disorder

Ryan is being treated for anxiety about flying, and his doctor asks him to imagine being on an airplane. This method of treatment is called ______

imaginal exposure

Which of the following is accurate regarding Critical Incident Stress Debriefing?

it can sometimes lead to more harm than benefit

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a panic attack?

it lasts over an hour

Children may not experience the same sense of worry as adults due to a lack of ___________

metacognition

Which of the following statements about anxiety disorders is NOT true?

most anxiety disorders develop in early adulthood

Derek is terrified of airplanes. One day, while driving to work, he saw an airplane and immediately turned his car around and went home. This caused him to feel great relief. Derek had just demonstrated which of the following?

negative reinforcement

Which of the following is NOT associated with increased anxiety?

occipital lobe

A discrete period of intense fear and physical arousal is called ___________

panic attack

Anxiety is generally conceptualized as involving each of the following except?

past-oriented

Heart palpitations (pounding heart or accelerated heart rate), sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, choking, chest pain, nausea, and dizziness are

physiological symptoms of a panic attack

The three elements of anxiety and fear are

physiology, cognition, and behavior

David is seeing a doctor about his anxiety, and the doctor constantly asks David for details about his childhood relationship with his parents. This doctor is likely using which treatment orientation?

psychodynamic

After being in a car accident, Karen had a lot of feelings of shame and regret. This is most likely a symptom of which of the following?

ptsd

Sergio served in Iraq and fought in several difficult battles. Now whenever he hears a car backfire, he jumps out of his chair thinking that he is under attack. Sergio is showing a classic symptom of PTSD called

re-experiencing

Parents go to a clinical psychologist asking about their child who seems to worry all the time about being hurt. He refuses to go to school and won't sleep alone. On the way to school, he often develops stomachaches or headaches. The clinical psychologist suggests that the child be evaluated for

separation anxiety disorder

Sharron has combat-related PTSD. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

she has another anxiety disorder as well

Craig is so nervous at parties that he feels he could have a panic attack at any moment. He likely suffers from _________

social anxiety disorder

Stuart has never had a romantic partner. When he talks with his therapist, he says that he is afraid to ask anyone out because he becomes extremely anxious about initiating and maintaining conversations. He is likely to have

social anxiety disorder

Joshua is terrified of going to the doctor to receive his necessary immunizations. He most likely has which disorder?

specific phobia

A normal source of anxiety for a 1- to 2-year-old child is

strangers

Randall had the sudden thought "I'm going to be attacked any moment!" This is an example of:

subjective distress

Which of the following criteria determine if phobia should be applied to a specific fear?

the fear causes significant emotional distress for the person and/or impairs the person's ability to function

Which of the following is accurate regarding anxiety disorders?

they are associates with decreased serotonin levels

Which of the following is accurate regarding SSRIs?

they increase serotonin levels

Which of the following is true regarding anxiety disorders?

they occur more often in women than in men

John and Derek are 6-month-old infants. When Derek does not get a toy he wants, he screams loudly, while John remains passive and calm. This difference in behavior reflects which of the following?

trait anxiety

Sally was extremely apprehensive about her meeting next week with her boss to discuss her annual performance review although she had been doing well at work. She was experiencing excessive

worry