Chapter 4
The currently available data on the heritability of anxiety disorders suggest that
a general vulnerability factor or anxiety proneness is what is inherited
Fear of situations such as public transportation, enclosed spaces, lines or crowds, of being outside of the home alone is a main symptom of
agoraphobia
Which of the following is NOT one of the four groups of specific phobias?
agoraphobia
Why do biological theories of anxiety disorders consider serotonin to be important?
all of these: -serotonin is lower in the csf of people with anxiety disorders -people who are prescribed ssri's, which increase serotonin, report that their feelings of anxiety decrease -biochemical challenges that alter serotonin levels are related to increase of decrease in feelings of anxiety
Which of the following is a major factor in distinguishing between normal anxiety and an anxiety disorder?
all of these: -developmental age -sociodemographics -functional impairment
Dr. Smith is interested in studying the cultural variations in psychological disorders. He might be most interested in which of the following?
ataque de nervios
Sam has a spider phobia, and he has not gone to the woodshed since his wife complained of all the cobwebs in there. He has responded behaviorally with
avoidance
David is terrified of going on a date because he has the constant belief that his date will "make fun of him" and that he will "say a bunch of wrong things." Which treatment orientation might be best suited for David?
cbt
Although PTSD affects people of all ages, genders, and ethnic backgrounds, it is slightly different in children because
children engage in traumatic play
Which of the following statements regarding SSRIs is accurate?
children should be monitored for increased suicidal thoughts
Clyde and Sarah just watched their teammate fail at an important athletic competition. Clyde then succeeded at the competition, and Sarah failed. Based on this scenario, which of the following is most likely to be accurate?
clyde has succeeded earlier in the same competition
Derealization or depersonalization (feelings of being detached from one's body or one's surroundings), fear of losing control or going crazy, and fear of dying are
cognitive symptoms of panic attacks
The criticism that it has become "too easy" to diagnose PTSD reflect which of the following?
conceptual bracket creep
Clive has PTSD. Whenever he hears a car horn, he feels an incredible sense of panic. This scenario describes which of the following?
exaggerated startle response
Todd is afraid of flying. He is invited for a job interview that requires air travel. He has a panic attack while preparing for his interview a week before his flight. His panic attack would fall under what type?
expected
The common ingredient in the most effective forms of behavioral and cognitive behavioral treatments of anxiety is
exposure
How many symptom groups are there in PTSD?
four
For the past year, Maya has been experiencing uncontrollable worry about the future of her business, crime in the neighborhood, whether her husband truly cares for her, and her children's health. All of these concerns are out of proportion to the actual situation. She may be experiencing
generalized anxiety disorder
Ryan is being treated for anxiety about flying, and his doctor asks him to imagine being on an airplane. This method of treatment is called ______
imaginal exposure
Which of the following is accurate regarding Critical Incident Stress Debriefing?
it can sometimes lead to more harm than benefit
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a panic attack?
it lasts over an hour
Children may not experience the same sense of worry as adults due to a lack of ___________
metacognition
Which of the following statements about anxiety disorders is NOT true?
most anxiety disorders develop in early adulthood
Derek is terrified of airplanes. One day, while driving to work, he saw an airplane and immediately turned his car around and went home. This caused him to feel great relief. Derek had just demonstrated which of the following?
negative reinforcement
Which of the following is NOT associated with increased anxiety?
occipital lobe
A discrete period of intense fear and physical arousal is called ___________
panic attack
Anxiety is generally conceptualized as involving each of the following except?
past-oriented
Heart palpitations (pounding heart or accelerated heart rate), sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, choking, chest pain, nausea, and dizziness are
physiological symptoms of a panic attack
The three elements of anxiety and fear are
physiology, cognition, and behavior
David is seeing a doctor about his anxiety, and the doctor constantly asks David for details about his childhood relationship with his parents. This doctor is likely using which treatment orientation?
psychodynamic
After being in a car accident, Karen had a lot of feelings of shame and regret. This is most likely a symptom of which of the following?
ptsd
Sergio served in Iraq and fought in several difficult battles. Now whenever he hears a car backfire, he jumps out of his chair thinking that he is under attack. Sergio is showing a classic symptom of PTSD called
re-experiencing
Parents go to a clinical psychologist asking about their child who seems to worry all the time about being hurt. He refuses to go to school and won't sleep alone. On the way to school, he often develops stomachaches or headaches. The clinical psychologist suggests that the child be evaluated for
separation anxiety disorder
Sharron has combat-related PTSD. Which of the following is most likely to be true?
she has another anxiety disorder as well
Craig is so nervous at parties that he feels he could have a panic attack at any moment. He likely suffers from _________
social anxiety disorder
Stuart has never had a romantic partner. When he talks with his therapist, he says that he is afraid to ask anyone out because he becomes extremely anxious about initiating and maintaining conversations. He is likely to have
social anxiety disorder
Joshua is terrified of going to the doctor to receive his necessary immunizations. He most likely has which disorder?
specific phobia
A normal source of anxiety for a 1- to 2-year-old child is
strangers
Randall had the sudden thought "I'm going to be attacked any moment!" This is an example of:
subjective distress
Which of the following criteria determine if phobia should be applied to a specific fear?
the fear causes significant emotional distress for the person and/or impairs the person's ability to function
Which of the following is accurate regarding anxiety disorders?
they are associates with decreased serotonin levels
Which of the following is accurate regarding SSRIs?
they increase serotonin levels
Which of the following is true regarding anxiety disorders?
they occur more often in women than in men
John and Derek are 6-month-old infants. When Derek does not get a toy he wants, he screams loudly, while John remains passive and calm. This difference in behavior reflects which of the following?
trait anxiety
Sally was extremely apprehensive about her meeting next week with her boss to discuss her annual performance review although she had been doing well at work. She was experiencing excessive
worry
