Chapter 4
Three huge areas of the world are characterized by a humid continental climate
(1) the northern and central United States and southern Canada, (2) most of the European portion of Russia, and (3) northern China. Because there are no land areas at a comparable latitude in the Southern Hemisphere, this climate is not represented there
Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale
- Adopted in 2007 - Revised to better align wind speeds with associated storm damage
What is a monsoon wind
A win that changes direction seasonally
Slowing of wind movement by the drag of the earths surface is referred to as the
Frictional affect
Which two types of precipitation or dominant and human continental climate
Frontal and cyclonic
Scientists are able to extend the global temperature record beyond historic records using
Hi scores, lakes sedimenta, tree rings
When moist air is forced to rise over hills or
Orographic precipitation is
frontal
Precipitation is formed when warm and cold air masses me and warm air is forced over the cooler air masses
climate
The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time
What type of vegetation is typically found and humid subtropical climate
The city is forest mixed with conifers
weather
The condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place.
global warming
A gradual increase in average global temperature
the mid altitude cyclones forms over
A region of low atmospheric pressure
cyclone
A swirling center of low air pressure
typhoon
A tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans
What caused the year without a summer in 1861
A volcanic eruption
The eye
The area of high pressure at the center of a hurricane or wind speed drop in the skies are clear
increasingly colder temperatures prevail
Toward northern areas and into the interior parts of the North American and Eurasian landmasses
The greenhouse effect
Traps heat radiating from the earth surface warming the lower atmosphere
Virtually all weather phenomena occurs within this atmospheric layer
Trophosphere
Carefully exam in this climate graph. Which of the following best describes a tropical rain forest climate
Warm temperature is all year and average precipitation of 8 inches per month
North Atlantic Drift
a current of warm water from the tropics
North Atlantic drift
a current that brings warm water to northern Europe Creating a warmer climate
Air
a gaseous substance whose weight affects air pressure
relative humidity
a percentage measure of the moisture content of the air, expressed as the amount of water vapor present relative to the maximum that can exist at the current temperature
Reradiation
a process by which the earth returns solar energy to space; some of the shortwave solar energy that is absorbed into the land and water is returned to the atmosphere in the form of longwave terrestrial radiation
source region
area over which an air mass forms
A cold coastal current close to the coast can generate a _______ climate in lamd
arid
energy is lost in
both retardation and radiation
frictional effect
causes wind to follow an intermediate path
Surface ocean currents
correspond roughly to global wind direction patterns because the winds of the world set ocean currents in motion
Which of these are the effects of the frictional effect on wind movement
decrease in wind speed near the earths surface, change in wind direction
The dominant vegetation it's sub arctic climate is
dense coniferous forest
increase in average temperatures around the world as shown in this crap is commonly referred to as
global warming
the axis of the earth
imaginary pine that passes through the North and South pole at 23.5 degrees
Precipitation
is any form of water particles—rain, sleet, snow, or hail—that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the Earth's surface
Because it is not store solar energy as effectively and because it is a pig to the suns rays
land retaliates hear faster than water
The amount of temperature decreases with altitude in the trophosphere is called the
lapse rate
Air masses
large bodies of air with similar temperature and humidity characteristics throughout; they form over a source region
Which of these are important greenhouse gases influenced by human activity
nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, Methane
What type of precipitation is shown here
orographic
Which huge areas of the world are characterized by a humid continental climate
Northern and central United States, northern China, European portions of Russia
Short term climate change can be caused by
Ocean circulation patterns, sunspot activity, volcanic eruption's
The locations of you will be routed to climb it shows great variation due to the factors such as
Ocean currents, land water configurations, moutain ranges
The location of human mid altitude climate shows great variation do two factors such
Ocean currents, mountain ranges, land water configurations
Insolation
The amount of incoming solar radiation
lapse rate
The amount of temperature decreases with altitude in the troposphere
Formation of precipitation stages
1. warm, moist air rises 2. The air expands as it encounters lower atmospheric pressure 3. The air cools and its ability to hold water vapor decreases 4. The air becomes super saturated with water vapor 5. water vapor condenses around condensation nuclear I to form water droplets 6. water droplets coalesce To form larger jobs, which fall to the surface as precipitation
At the dewpoint, the relative humidity is
100%
Source regions
Are large areas of uniform surface and relatively consistent temperature over which air masses can be formed
Mountain breeze is a current usually during the night
Barely breeze is usually occur during the day
Solar energy is most efficiently stored in
Bodies of water
Fossil fuels use since the industrial revolution has lead to an increase in amount of
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Humid continental climate
Colder winters and shorter summers
highland climate
Cool to cold climates found in mountains and on high plateaus. The climate changes as altitude changes.
Based upon the vegetation shown in this image, the location has a
Hot desert climate
And intense tropical cyclones affecting the western Atlantic is called
Hurricane
Monsoon
Major winds in the Indian Ocean that blew into India for half the year, and blew away from India for the other half. Helped facilitate trade in the Indian Ocean.
Which of the following consequences of global warming we contribute to see level tise
Melting of the Greenland by sheet, thermal expansion of water, melting of continental glaciers
The steppes
Moderately drylands that experience hot summers and cold winters, have vegetation dominated by grass, and typically have her soil's
The steppes
Moderately try lands that experience hot summers and cold winters, have vegetation dominated by grass, and typically have rich soil's
Which of these climate our classes to tropical
Monsoon, tropical rain forest, Savannah
reflection
Much of the potentially receivable solar radiation is, in fact, sent back to outer space or diffused in the troposphere in a process
What is the typical vegetation found in Mediterranean climate
Shrubs and small deciduous trees
And equatorial low it's a region where
Solar heating forms warm air, which rises
most of the United States lives within the belt of the westlies, meaning that the prevailing wind directions are from
Southwest to northeast
The two most important elements that differentiate climate are
Temperature and precipitation
Which of the following are commonly effect by ocean currents moving past coast lines
Temperature and precipitation
a Weather condition that occurs when air at higher altitude is warmer than the air at the surface is called
Temperature inversion
dew point
The critical temperature for condensation
Coriolis effect
The effect of Earth's rotation on the direction of winds and currents.
convectional precipitation
The formation of precipitation due to surface heating of the air at the ground surface
Trophosphere
The lowest layer of earths atmosphere and contains virtually all of the air, clouds, and precipitation of the earth
tornado
The most violent of all storms also typically the smallest storm
Which two factors determine the amount of incoming solar radiation at a given location on the earth
The number of daylight hours and the angle of the sun's rays
Which of these are statements that could be used to describe the climate of her region rather than whether
The summers are long and dry, there is a distinct monsoon season, the winds blow predominantly from the north
dew point
The temperature at which condensation of water vapor occurs, forming fog or cloudy conditions at the earths surface
The koppen system classifies climates based
temperature, vegetation, precipitation
convection
the circulatory motion of descending cool air and ascending warm air
blizzard
the occurrence of snow, often heavy, and high winds
carbon dixoide
the primary greenhouse gas whose amount has been increased by human activities
greenhouse effect
the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
Earths areas line between the tropic of cancer and Tropic of Capricorn typically have
tropical climates
which three aspects Of the earths motion are believed to affect long-term climate
variations in the tilt of earths axis, the wobble of the earth as it rotates on its axis, and variations in the shape of the earths orbit