chapter 4

_object permanence_

A game of peekaboo with his dad excites Warren during the first 6 months of his life because Warren actually thinks his dad has disappeared. This is because Warren lacks: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. theory of mind. egocentrism. object permanence. stranger anxiety.

_lacks self-recognition_

A researcher secretly puts a dab of rouge on a child's nose before placing him in front of a mirror. The child points to the rouge on the mirror's reflected image. From this example we can conclude that the child: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. has a theory of mind. has acquired object permanence. lacks self-recognition. is likely between the ages of 15 to 18 months.

_developmental

Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-raising practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is MOST likely that Dr. Matsuko is a _____ psychologist. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. cognitive developmental social school

_developmental

Dr. Murphy studies a group of schoolchildren and follows their progress through college. Dr. Murphy is MOST likely a _____ psychologist. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. behavioral cognitive developmental clinical

_intimacy

Erik Erikson proposed that at the ______ versus _____ stage of life, people struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for adult romantic love. intimacy; isolation generativity; stagnation Incorrect: identity; role confusion identity; role confusion initiative; guilt

cognition

Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to all of the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communication.

_pruning_

Reflecting a use-it-or-lose-it approach, unused synaptic connections are eliminated during infancy and childhood in a process called: extinction. habituation. pruning. Incorrect: plasticity. plasticity.

_back_

Sam is a 12-month-old infant who just began crawling. He has not attempted to walk yet. This may be a result of Sam sleeping on his: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. back. left side. stomach. right side.

_authoritative

Which of Baumrind's parenting styles is associated with the BEST developmental outcomes for children? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. authoritarian authoritative negligent permissive

_premature sexual activity

Which of these is NOT a factor contributing to the earlier age of puberty? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. increased body fat premature sexual activity increased hormone-mimicking chemicals increased stress

_G. Stanley Hall

_____ described adolescence as a time of "storm and stress." Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Erik Erikson G. Stanley Hall Jean Piaget Sigmund Freud

object permanence

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

zygotes

the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

_an environmental agent that can produce a birth defect_

A teratogen is: an environmental agent that can produce a birth defect. a genetic or chromosomal abnormality that may produce a developmental disorder. any physical defect in an unborn child. a fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division.

_accommodation_

After Nadia learned that penguins cannot fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This BEST illustrates the process of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. accommodation. conservation. assimilation. habituation.

_developmental

Dr. Grove studies how obesity rates change from childhood through old age. Dr. Grove is MOST likely a _____ psychologist. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. behavioral clinical developmental cognitive

_developmental

Dr. Grove studies how obesity rates change from childhood through old age. Dr. Grove is MOST likely a _____ psychologist. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. cognitive clinical behavioral developmental

_The first three years of life provide a poor basis for predicting a person's eventual traits_

Those who emphasize change over stability would choose which of these as an example? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. The first three years of life provide a poor basis for predicting a person's eventual traits. Most people's temperament remains the same across the life span. A giant redwood grows from a seedling. Babies learn to sit before they learn to walk.

_most

Which choice BEST expresses the proportion of parents who say they have had a serious talk with their teens about illegal drugs? very few most a substantial minority about half

_imprinting_

Some baby animals form a rigid attachment known as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. habituation. maturation. a schema. imprinting.

_preconventional

Susie does not eat cookies before dinner because her parents will send her to her room for the rest of the night. In Kohlberg's terms, Susie is at the _____ level of moral reasoning. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. preconventional postconventional conventional preoperational

cognitive

Jean Piaget proposed a stage theory of _____ development. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. psychosocial moral motor cognitive

_generativity_

Marcia is 48. She has the intense desire to create a mentoring program at her company. According to Erik Erikson, she is likely experiencing: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. integrity. generativity. trust. intimacy.

29

The period of adolescence is lengthening in industrialized cultures such as in Europe, the United States, and Australia. Adolescents are taking more time to finish their education and establish careers. The average age for a first marriage in the United States is now _____ for men and 27 for women.

_fetal

The second and third trimesters of pregnancy occur entirely within the _____ period of prenatal development. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. embryo fetal teratogen zygote

_concrete operational

Western legal systems that suggest that children who are 7 or 8 years old have attained the ability to reason are consistent with Piaget's theory because basic reasoning skills appear during the _____ period. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. concrete operational formal operational preoperational sensorimotor

_Maturation is one type of development_

Which statement BEST captures the relationship between development and maturation? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Development and maturation are the same thing. Development and maturation refer to distinct processes. Development is one type of maturation. Maturation is one type of development.

_developmental psychology

An introductory psychology student expresses an interest in growth and change during childhood and adolescence. Which psychology course should the student consider taking next semester? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the psychology of personality industrial-organizational psychology social psychology developmental psychology

formal operational

An unarmed 18-year-old African-American man was on his way to college when he engaged in an altercation with a police officer. The ending result was the police officer shot and killed him. Sean is a 19-year-old African-American man who is disgusted about what just took place in his neighborhood. He decides to show his frustration by joining in riots taking place in his neighborhood. Sean is in Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. formal operational preoperational sensorimotor concrete operational

_a maturing nervous system_

Angela is a 7-month-old baby who rolled over for the first time at 4 months of age and can now sit without support. These milestones reflect: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. imitation. modeling. learning. a maturing nervous system.

_Her frontal lobes are growing_

At 19, Celia is beginning to plan for her future. She no longer lives for the moment. She wants to become a doctor, so she knows she has to buckle down in school. What is probably happening to Celia? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. She is in the middle of a growth spurt. She is experiencing a hormonal surge. Her frontal lobes are growing. Her neurons are ready for pruning.

_frontal

Between the ages of 3 and 6 years, the number of neural connections increases MOST dramatically in the ______ lobe. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. frontal parietal temporal occipital

_formal operational

Christina is in the eighth grade and is taking pre-algebra. She is doing very well and will be in Algebra 1 next year. Christina is MOST likely in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. sensorimotor formal operational preoperational concrete operational

_conservation_

Five-year-old twins Keith and Kevin each have 4 ounces of juice in their glasses. Keith's glass is tall and narrow, whereas Kevin's is shorter and wider. Kevin complains that Keith has more juice, revealing his lack of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. assimilation. object permanence. conservation. egocentrism.

_postconventional

Jack registered as a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War. He believed that it is fundamentally wrong to take human life. He was willing to serve time in jail, rather than take part in an armed conflict. Jack's reasons for not going to war reflect Kohlberg's _____ level of moral reasoning. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. conventional preoperational preconventional postconventional

_adolescence_

Kayla is 13 years old. She is in the midst of puberty. Kayla is in a stage of development called: adulthood. childhood. adolescence. emerging adulthood.

_imprinting

Latoya is 3 years old and her favorite book is Are You My Mother?, a short story about a baby bird who hatches while his mother is away. The baby bird then leaves the nest in search of his mother. The baby bird follows the first thing he sees. When he is told that it is not his mother, he then begins to follow the second thing he sees, and so forth. Which of these attachment concepts is an aspect of this story? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. imprinting Incorrect: insecure attachment insecure attachment critical period stranger anxiety

_developmental

Marjorie has just completed an introductory course in psychology at a local community college. She would like to take another psychology course next semester. The college offers courses in developmental psychology, social psychology, personality psychology, and industrial-organizational psychology. Marjorie is especially interested in change and growth across the life span. Based on this information, Marjorie should MOST strongly consider the course in _____ psychology. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. developmental personality industrial-organizational social

_the lack of necessary maturation_

Mary's inability to toilet train her 10-month-old infant is MOST likely due to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the pruning process. infantile amnesia. the use of punishment instead of rewards. the lack of necessary maturation.

_biological

Maturation refers mainly to _____ development. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. social biological emotional cognitive

4

Samantha and Gebriel take their son to Sea World. When they asked him two years later if he remembered going he answered no. Their son was probably less than ____ years old at the time of the trip.

impaired theory of mind_

Ten-year-old Janelle is sad. She is crying. Her older brother looks at her and then continues watching television. He may be showing signs of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. stranger anxiety. egocentrism. impaired theory of mind. learning disability.

_autism spectrum disorder

The Markowitz family has a son, Noah, who has exceptionally high intelligence and excels in math. However, he lacks social and communicative skills, which limit his ability to sustain normal peer relationships. With which of these is Noah MOST likely to be diagnosed? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder autism spectrum disorder stranger anxiety Down syndrome

_Harry and Margaret Harlow_

This famous experiment involving rearing monkeys with two artificial mothers was conducted by: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Erik Erikson. Harry and Margaret Harlow. Lawrence Kohlberg. Jean Piaget.