Chapter 4- Nutrition

The BEST time to encourage a friend or family member with a drinking problem to seek help is:

when he or she is sober shortly after an alcohol related incident

Carbohydrates contribute ________ kcal of energy per gram.

4

What is the KEY difference between soluble fiber and insoluble fiber?

Soluble fibers can be digested by bacteria in the colon; insoluble fiber cannot.

Why is white wheat flour a less nutritious choice than whole wheat flour?

White wheat flour retains only a fraction of wheat's fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

In type 1 diabetes, the ________ are destroyed by an autoimmune disease.

beta cells of the pancreas

Sugar alcohols are most often used in which of the following products

chewing gum

A disorder of the large intestine characterized by infected and inflamed pockets forming in the intestinal wall is

diverticulosis

Which of the following is caused by alcohol exposure by a fetus during pregnancy

fetal alcohol syndrome

Bran is the part of a grain kernel that is very high in:

fiber

The absorption of which monosaccharide does NOT require energy

fructose

Diabetes is a condition in which the body doesn't utilize ________ properly

glucose

Diabetes is a condition in which the body doesn't utilize ________ properly.

glucose

Which hormone works to lower blood glucose

insulin

Excessive alcohol consumption can cause dizziness and lightheadedness due to fluid and electrolyte imbalances because alcohol

is a diuretic

The term complex carbohydrates refers to

oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

Which of the following is a five-carbon monosaccharide?

ribose

The MOST common source of added sugar in the U.S. diet is

soft drinks/sodas

Alcohol consumption, even at a moderate level, increases the risk for gastrointestinal bleeding if the drinker is

taking aspirin or ibuprofen

Why are most types of fiber indigestible in the human GI tract?

Beta bonds present in fiber are difficult for the body to break down.

Individuals with the disease phenylketonuria (PKU) should not consume the artificial sweetener aspartame. Why

They cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine

The non-alcoholic components found in red wine, brandy, and whiskey that may cause some of the symptoms of a hangover are called

congeners

Which of the following might a doctor recommend to reduce a patient's risk for diverticulosis?

consume more dietary fiber

Lactose intolerance is due to a(n):

deficiency of lactase

A person with reactive hypoglycemia can control the condition by

eating smaller more frequent meals

Trevor's doctor wants to screen him for type 1 diabetes by administering a glucose tolerance test. If his doctor's suspicions are correct and Trevor does have type 1 diabetes, what would you expect his blood glucose concentration to be at approximately TWO HOURS after the test?

elevated as compared to a healthy individual

A 6-oz glass of wine is equivalent to one alcoholic drink

false

Fetal alcohol syndrome is BEST described as a genetic disorder

false

Gram for gram, carbohydrate is more energy dense than fat.

false

Moderate alcohol consumption is always associated with health benefits.

false

Moderate alcohol consumption raises LDL cholesterol

false

Moderate alcohol consumption raises LDL cholesterol.

false

On average, a healthy adult can metabolize two drinks per hour

false

On average, a healthy adult can metabolize two drinks per hour.

false

Protection against heart disease is a potential benefit of a diet rich in simple sugar

false

Type 2 diabetes is seen only in adults.

false

Chronic drinkers may show few signs of impairment or intoxication even at high blood alcohol levels. This condition is known as

functional tolerance

Which monosaccharide is the preferred source of energy for the brain?

glucose

Which of the following carbohydrates is the end product of photosynthesis

glucose

The complex carbohydrate that is the storage form of glucose in animals is

glycogen

The complex carbohydrate that is the storage form of glucose in animals is:

glycogen

Which of the following has the most Calories in one tablespoon

honey

Which of the following is a potential health benefit of moderate alcohol consumption

increased HDL cholesterol

A person who has been diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose

is considered pre diabetic

A potentially life-threatening consequence of low-carbohydrate intake is:

ketoacidosis

Hector, who has type 2 diabetes, is looking through the pantry for a snack. Using the glycemic index as a guide, identify which of the following is the BEST choice to help Hector maintain a more stable glucose level. (Glycemic index values are listed in parentheses.)

kidney beans (28)

Which of the following is an example of an insoluble fiber

lignins

Alcohol is primarily metabolized by the

liver

Which of the following is equivalent to one drink of alcohol?

12 oz beer

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) suggests that carbohydrates can make up as much as ________ of total daily Calories to decrease a person's risk of chronic disease.

65%

Alcohol provides how many kcal/g of energy

7

Up to ________ of the world's adult population suffers from lactose intolerance.

70%

Moderate alcohol consumption is BEST defined as

one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.

Which of the following diets is associated with the development of ketosis?

one that contains insufficient carbohydrate

Insulin is synthesized and released by the

pancreas

Which of the following is a chemical found in red wine and grapes that may have health benefits

resveratrol

Which artificial sweetener was once linked to cancer but later removed from the list of potential cancer-causing substances

saccharin

Alcohol is absorbed directly from the small intestine and the

stomach

Which of the following is a disaccharide

sucrose

Which of the following BEST describes the glycemic index?

the extent to which a given food raises blood glucose and insulin levels

Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes

the least common form of diabetes

Simple carbohydrates differ from complex carbohydrates by virtue of

the number of molecules they are made up of

Gluconeogenesis is:

the synthesis of new glucose from amino acids or other sources that are not carbohydrates.

Which of the following is MOST associated with diets high in added sugars?

tooth decay

Which of the following is true regarding type 1 diabetes

treatment always involves insulin therapy

Alcohol does not require digestion before it can be absorbed

true

Alcohol does not require digestion before it can be absorbed.

true

Alcohol is considered a drug.

true

Excessive alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of preventable death for Americans

true

High-intensity exercise uses carbohydrate as a primary fuel source

true

Lactose intolerance is more common among African Americans than among Caucasian Americans

true

Moderate alcohol consumption for men is up to two drinks per day

true

The beta bond that produces lactose is difficult for the human body to break down

true

The liver's ability to activate which of the following fat-soluble vitamins may be interrupted by chronic alcohol consumption

vitamin d

Which of the following is a sugar alcohol

xylitol

The current alcohol consumption recommendation for pregnant women is

complete abstinence

The first enzyme in alcohol metabolism is

alcohol dehydrogenase

One class of enzymes that breaks down carbohydrates is:

amylase

Hypoglycemia is a condition in which fasting blood sugar levels

are too low

Yogurt is tolerated better than milk by many lactose-intolerant people because

bacteria in yogurt help digest the lactose

The primary function of liver glycogen is to:

maintain blood glucose

Which of the following is a condition in which the liver becomes more efficient in the breakdown of alcohol

metabolic tolerance

The type of carbohydrates that consist of only a single molecule are called

monosaccharides