Chapter 4
34. The band located where two cardiac muscle cells join is called a(an) ______________.
intercalating discs
18. Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens the skin by stimulating production of
melanin
26. __________ is the pigment produced by melanocytes.
melanin
37. The regulation of body temperature is of vital importance because
slight shifts in temperature can disrupt the rates of metabolic reactions.
35. The arrector pili muscle is composed of __________ muscle tissue.
smooth
28. Smooth muscle is found in the wall of the
stomach and intestine
16. Injections that are administered into the tissues of the skin are called
subcutaneous
5. As cells are pushed from the deeper part of the epidermis toward the surface
they die
19. In healthy skin, the production of epidermal cells is closely balanced with the loss of skin cells.
true
23. Carcinomas appear most often in the skin of the neck, face and scalp.
true
32. The secretion of the sebaceous glands is called sebum.
true
The part of an enzyme that combines with a specific part of the substrate is called the
B. active site.
11. Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of
B. dense connective tissue.
35. Which of the following is not a characteristic of nerve tissue?
C. Its intercellular spaces are filled with collagen.
4. Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin?
C. The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis
A protein that is altered by exposure to certain chemicals, heat, extremes of pH, electricity, or radiation, is said to be
C. denatured.
The transfer of genetic information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is a function of:
C. messenger RNA.
31. Acne is a disorder involving the
C. sebaceous glands
23. Membranes lining body cavities that lack openings to the outside are called
C. serous membranes.
The part of an ATP molecule that holds the energy used in metabolism is:
C. the phosphate bonds.
Copying of the information in DNA into RNA, which can exit the nucleus is called:
C. transcription.
Which statement is not true about catabolic processes?
D. Dehydration synthesis is involved in catabolic processes.
Genes are functional regions found within molecules of ______.
D. deoxyribonucleic acid
Enzymes:
D. do not change as they control reactions.
3. Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with
D. muscles, glands, and sensory receptors.
7. The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and many urinary passageways is
D. transitional.
10. Most organs of the digestive system have an inner lining composed of the tissue called ______________.
Simple Columnar Epithelium
9. A single layer of flattened epithelium would constitute the tissue called _____________.
Simple squamous epithelial
16. Bone cells are also called osteocytes.
TRUE
18. Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets that are suspended in a fluid extercellular matrix called plasma
TRUE
32. Muscle tissue conducts nerve impulses from one neuron to another and coordinates body activities.
TRUE
8. Usually epithelial tissues do not have blood vessels.
TRUE
A codon is a set of three nucleotides of an mRNA molecule that correspond to a particular amino acid.
TRUE
Catalysis is the speeding of a chemical reaction.
TRUE
Special proteins called enzymes control the reactions of metabolism.
TRUE
The anticodon sequence is part of a transfer RNA.
TRUE
33. The primary characteristic of muscle tissues is their ability to ____________.
contract
20. Blood with excess oxygen causes cyanosis
false
21. The outermost layer of the epidermis is stratum basale and the innermost layer is stratum corneum.
false
27. Cardiac muscle is found in the wall of the
heart
11. Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the
dermis
7. The major blood vessels that supply skin cells are found in the
dermis
22. The dermis is very flat compared to the epidermis, which has ridges projecting inward and elevations called papillae.
false
When the body temperature rises above normal, dermal blood vessels are likely to constrict.
false
21. The intervertebral discs that separate the individual parts of the backbone are composed of __________.
fibrocartilage
The genetic code
B. is a sequence of nucleic acid bases that instructs cells how to make specific protein molecules.
In dehydration synthesis:
B. monosaccharides are joined.
4. The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is
B. simple squamous epithelium.
During protein synthesis, amino acids are positioned in the proper sequence by molecules of:
B. transfer RNA.
1. Which of the following is not one of the four basic types of body tissues?
C. Eye tissue
Cellular respiration occurs in three distinct, yet interconnected series of reactions. Which of the following gives the correct order of these reactions?
D. Glycolysis, citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
The process of copying DNA to be used in protein synthesis is called __________ and occurs ______________.
D. Transcription; in the nucleus
Each enzyme acts only on a particular chemical called its:
E. substrate.
Translation is the assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of base triplets in a transfer RNA molecule.
FALSE
A neuron is a type of neuroglia.
False
The most common cells found in connective tissues are called _____________.
Fibroblasts
17. Bone cells (osteocytes) are arranged in concentric circles around longitudinal tubes (central canals).
TRUE
Of the 38 molecules of ATP generated in one round of the reactions of cellular respiration, only two come from glycolysis.
TRUE
2. A basement membrane anchors
B. epithelial tissue to connective tissue.
26. The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is
. skeletal muscle tissue.
For each molecule of glucose that is decomposed completely, up to _______ molecules of ATP can be produced.
B. 38
The production of mRNA from a DNA template is termed _____.
A. Transcription
Glycolysis is referred to as the ____________ phase of cellular respiration because it does not require oxygen.
A. anaerobic
The reactions of anaerobic respiration occur in the
A. cytosol.
6. Typically, carcinomas originate from which tissue?
A. epithelium.
During the anaerobic phase of cellular respiration, one molecule of glucose:
A. is broken down to yield two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Enzymes function in chemical reactions to ____________________.
A. lower the energy of activation needed to start the reaction
Anabolism and catabolism together constitute:
A. metabolism.
The organelle that houses the reactions of aerobic respiration is the:
A. mitochondrion.
The parts of a DNA molecule that contain the genetic information for making particular proteins are the
A. nitrogenous bases.
15. The most common cause of cutaneous melanoma is
A. relatively short exposure to high intensity sunlight.
2. The human integumentary system includes
A. skin, nails, hair follicles, and glands.
24. Of the four major types of membranes, the one consisting of fibrous connective tissue overlying loose connective tissue is
A. synovial membrane.
Anabolism includes:
A. the buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy.
15. The tissue that constitutes the outermost layer of the skin is a type of connective tissue.
FALSE
A genome is a section of DNA in which the nitrogenous base sequence encodes a specific sequence of amino acids.
FALSE
Enzymes are nucleic acids that promote specific chemical reactions.
FALSE
The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil.
FALSE
20. Cartilage cells (chondrocytes) occupy small chambers called ____________.
Lacunae
37. A nerve cell can also be called a(an) __________.
Neuron
25. Since an epithelial membrane is composed of two or more kinds of tissues, it is an example of a(an) ________.
Organ
31. A skeletal muscle fiber contains many nuclei.
True
13. Cutaneous carcinomas are most commonly caused by exposure to
UV
25. The deepest cells of the epidermis make up the stratum ____________.
basale
10. The main function of melanocytes is to
produce melanin