Chapter 5

Which theory assumes that our behavior and well-being are influenced by three innate needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness?

self-determination theory

The quantifiability of a goal is known as goal ______.

specificity

Frederick Herzberg's theory states which of the following?

- Job satisfaction is associated with motivating factors. - Job dissatisfaction is associated with hygiene factors - Managers can improve motivation by improving both motivators that create satisfaction and hygiene factors that reduce dissatisfaction.

Which of the following are included in Maslow's need hierarchy theory?

- Physiological Needs - Esteem Needs

What are some recommended approaches for creating change when one's job is low on hygiene or motivating factors?

- Talk with the manager. - Change jobs. - Ask for new work assignments.

Douglas McGregor called managers' pessimistic assumptions toward employees:

Theory X

What should individuals do if their current job is unfulfilling but they do not want to change jobs?

Try to incorporate job crafting or I-deals.

The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as ______. _______.

job crafting

The activities that involve alteration of specific jobs or sets of interdependent jobs to improve employee experience and motivation are known as _______ ________.

job design

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are known as _______

needs

Which process theory explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships?

equity theory

Select all of the characteristics that are influenced by motivation.

- direction of behavior or thought - persistence of behavior or thought - intensity of behavior or thought

What does equity theory explain?

- how people strive for fairness in social exchanges - how people strive for fairness in give-and-take relationships

Job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments are known as ______ deals.

idiosyncratic

What are job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments?

idiosyncratic deals

Hunger or thirst are examples of physiological deficiencies that arouse behavior known as ______.

needs

The method of job design that draws from observation, experiments, and reasoning is _______ _______.

scientific management

The method of job design that draws from observation, experiments, and reasoning is

scientific, management

Herzberg's theory states that there are ______ separate sets of factors that create satisfaction and dissatisfaction on the job.

two

Who formulated the theory that motivation is a function of five basic needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization?

Abraham Maslow

Job crafting is the:

approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work

Needs are defined as physiological or psychological deficiencies that:

arouse behavior

According to McGregor, Theory X assumes that employees:

- dislike work - can only be motivated with rewards and punishments - must be monitored frequently

Which methods should managers use to determine the needs of their employees?

- employee surveys - one-on-one meetings

Which of the following statements are consistent with Locke and Latham's findings about goal setting?

- Successful goal achievement reinforces employee satisfaction and leads to setting higher goals. - People need the ability and resources to achieve the goal. - Goals that are specific and difficult lead to higher performance.

The theory that can be used to predict behavior in any situation where there is a choice between two or more alternatives is:

expectancy theory

According to goal setting theory, which of the following are needed in order for goals to motivate employees?

- goal specificity - ability to achieve the goal - commitment to the goal

McClelland's theory, developed in the 1940s, proposed that employee behaviors are driven by three ______ needs.

basic

Expectancy theory can be used to predict ______ in situations where there is a choice between two or more alternatives.

behavior

How can managers incorporate the principles of expectancy theory?

by linking performance to rewards that individual employees value

Self-determination theory assumes that three innate needs—autonomy, ________ , and relatedness—drive our behavior.

competence

The theories that focus on identifying the factors that motivate employees are known as ______ theories.

content

The theories that focus on identifying internal factors that motivate people are _______ theories. The more dynamic theories that focus on explaining how internal and external factors motivate people are ________ theories.

content, process