Chapter 5: HIS 201

writs of assistance

One of the colonies' main complaints against Britain; the writs allowed unlimited search warrants without cause to look for evidence of smuggling. (page 173)

Sons of Liberty

Organizations formed by Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and other radicals in response to the Stamp Act. (page 176)

In Thomas Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence, he berated the king regarding the continued inhumanity of the slave trade.

True

Who was considered "the first martyr" of the American Revolution?

Crispus Attucks

Declaration of Independence

Document adopted on July 4, 1776, that made the break with Britain official; drafted by a committee of the Second Continental Congress, including principal writer Thomas Jefferson. (page 190)

Crispus Attucks

During the Boston Massacre, the individual who was supposedly at the head of the crowd of hecklers and who baited the British troops. He was killed when the British troops fired on the crowd. (page 179)

"Give me liberty, or give me death!" was uttered by Samuel Adams at the first Continental Congress.

False

According to the doctrine of "virtual representation," the House of Commons represented very few residents of the British empire, despite their voting statuses.

False

As tensions between Britain and the colonies mounted, social conflict within the colonies faded.

False

Before leaving Boston, the British, under the command of Lord Charles Cornwallis, cut down the original Liberty Tree.

False

One of the unique aspects of Thomas Paine's writing was his addressing the upper elite, as they were the men who had voting power.

False

Opposition to the Stamp Act developed more slowly than in the case of the Townshend duties.

False

The 1764 Sugar Act provoked the colonists by increasing the tax on molasses imported into North America.

False

The Age of Revolution began in Spanish South America.

False

The Coercive Acts were known as the Abominable Acts in the colonies.

False

The Stamp Act had mainly affected residents of colonial ports, the Sugar Act managed to offend virtually every free colonist.

False

The Tea Act raised the price of Chinese tea in the colonies.

False

The first battles of the Revolutionary War were very successful for George Washington.

False

The immediate cause of the rioting at the home of Massachusetts governor Thomas Hutchinson was the Sugar Act.

False

The uprising along the Hudson River between the Green Mountain Boys and the governor of Georgia began with a dispute over land rights.

False

The words "we have it in our power to begin the world over again" and the description of the new nation as an "asylum for mankind" are from the Declaration of Independence.

False

Battle of Bunker Hill

First major battle of the Revolutionary War; it actually took place at nearby Breed's Hill, Massachusetts, on June 17, 1775. (page 185)

Battle of Yorktown

Last battle of the Revolutionary War; General Lord Charles Cornwallis along with over 7,000 British troops surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 17, 1781. (page 200)

Which of the "founding fathers" argued that Parliament had no right to authorize the Writs of Assistance to combat smuggling?

James Otis

Battle of Saratoga

Major defeat of British general John Burgoyne and more than 5,000 British troops at Saratoga, New York, on October 17, 1777. (page 197)

Sugar Act

1764 decision by Parliament to tax refined sugar and many other colonial products. (page 173)

Townshend Acts

1767 parliamentary measures (named for the chancellor of the Exchequer) that taxed tea and other commodities, and established a Board of Customs Commissioners and colonial vice-admiralty courts. (page 178)

Common Sense

A pamphlet anonymously written by Thomas Paine in January 1776 that attacked the English principles of hereditary rule and monarchical government. (page 186)

Lord Dunmore's proclamation

A proclamation issued in 1775 by the earl of Dunmore, the British governor of Virginia, that offered freedom to any slave who fought for the king against the rebelling colonists. (page 185)

Benedict Arnold

A traitorous American commander who planned to sell out the American garrison at West Point to the British. His plot was discovered before it could be executed and he joined the British army. (page 199)

The idea that the United States has a special mission to serve as a symbol of freedom, a refuge from tyranny, and a model for the world is called by historians

American exceptionalism

Who won the Revolutionary War?

Americans

Continental army

Army authorized by the Continental Congress in 1775 to fight the British; commanded by General George Washington. (page 185)

In September 1780, the able American commander ____________ turned traitor to the American cause and almost turned West Point over to the British.

Benedict Arnold

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

Boston Tea Party; Olive Branch Petition; publication of Common Sense; Declaration of Independence

Boston Massacre

Clash between British soldiers and a Boston mob, March 5, 1770, in which five colonists were killed. (page 179)

Following the Boston Tea Party, Parliament imposed restrictions on Massachusetts that included closing the port of Boston, curtailing town meetings, and allowing soldiers to be lodged in people's houses. These restrictions were called

Coercive or Intolerable Acts

The "shot heard 'round the world" began the American War of Independence, and took place in what city?

Concord

The final decisive victory in the War for Independence was

Cornwallis's defeat at Yorktown

Continental Congress

First meeting of representatives of the colonies, held in Philadelphia in 1774 to formulate actions against British policies; in the Second Continental Congress (1775-1789), the colonial representatives conducted the war and adopted the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. (page 182)

Intolerable Acts

Four parliamentary measures in reaction to the Boston Tea Party that forced payment for the tea, disallowed colonial trials of British soldiers, forced their quartering in private homes, and reduced the number of elected officials in Massachusetts. (page 181)

What two European powers allied with the Americans in the War for Independence?

France and Spain

The name of the Revolutionary "swamp fox" was

Francis Marion

The ruler of Great Britain during the time of the American Revolution was

George III

Who was appointed the military commander of the army during the Second Continental Congress?

George Washington

Which of the colonies did not participate in the First Continental Congress?

Georgia

Hessians

German soldiers, most from Hesse-Cassel principality (hence, the name), paid to fight for the British in the Revolutionary War. (page 195)

Committee of Correspondence

Group organized by Samuel Adams in retaliation for the Gaspée incident to address American grievances, assert American rights, and form a network of rebellion. (page 175)

Regulators

Groups of backcountry Carolina settlers who protested colonial policies. (page 177)

What did the Sugar Act of 1764 do that so vexed the colonists due to the already existing tax on molasses imported from the French West Indies?

It decreased it

Stamp Act

Parliament's 1765 requirement that revenue stamps be affixed to all colonial printed matter, documents, and playing cards; the Stamp Act Congress met to formulate a response, and the act was repealed the following year. (page 171)

Who engraved the image of the Boston Massacre that became one of the most influential pieces of political propaganda of the revolutionary era?

Paul Revere

The First Continental Congress met in__________.

Philadelphia

During the 1760s, backcountry protesters in the Carolinas were known as

Regulators

Who was not a member of the American delegation that negotiated the Treaty of Paris?

Samuel Adams

On October 17, 1777, the Americans scored an important victory against British forces at

Saratoga

Treaty of Paris

Signed on September 3, 1783, the treaty that ended the Revolutionary War, recognized American independence from Britain, established the border between Canada and the United States, fixed the western border at the Mississippi River, and ceded Florida to Spain. (page 200)

The two southern colonies that did not enroll free blacks and slaves to fight were

South Carolina and Georgia

During the Seven Years' War Great Britain treated the colonists as allies, yet only a few years later the colonists were treated as subordinates again.

True

Which of the following was not a part of the balance of power between the British and American forces during the Revolution?

The British had correctly surmised the degree of support for independence among the American population

Which of the following was not a feature of the Stamp Act crisis of 1765?

The Stamp Act was passed by the Stamp Act Congress as a way to subvert the power of Parliament to tax the colonies

Battles of Lexington and Concord

The first shots fired in the Revolutionary War, on April 19, 1775, near Boston; approximately 100 minutemen and 250 British soldiers were killed. (page 184)

virtual representation

The idea that the American colonies, although they had no actual representative in Parliament, were "virtually" represented by all members of Parliament. (page 173)

Boston Tea Party

The incident on December 16, 1773, in which the Sons of Liberty, dressed as Indians, dumped hundreds of chests of tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act of 1773. Under the Tea Act, the British exported to the colonies millions of pounds of cheap—but still taxed—tea, thereby undercutting the price of smuggled tea and forcing payment of the tea duty. (page 181)

"no taxation without representation"

The rallying cry of opponents to the 1765 Stamp Act. The slogan decried the colonists' lack of representation in Parliament. (page 175)

An early skirmish between the colonists and British soldiers was over the seizure of arms stockpiled in Concord.

True

At Trenton, Washington staged a surprise attack on Hessian soldiers in the service of the British.

True

At the beginning of the war, George Washington refused to accept black recruits.

True

By late 1774, colonial Committees of Safety had begun transferring effective power from established colonial governments (under British control) to grassroots bodies.

True

By substituting "pursuit of happiness" for "property," Jefferson's Declaration of Independence significantly broadened the American conception of freedom.

True

During the War for Independence, 5 percent of U.S. males aged sixteen to forty-five died.

True

In his work, A Summary View of the Rights of British America, Thomas Jefferson demanded that the British empire be seen as a collection of equal parts held together by loyalty to a constitutional monarch, not a system in which one part ruled over the others.

True

In response to the colonists forming of a Continental army, Britain declared the colonies in a state of rebellion and ordered the closing of all colonial ports.

True

In the late 1700s, there was a rumor that the Anglican Church in England planned to send bishops to America, causing colonists to fear that new religious courts might be established.

True

Some slaves gained their freedom by serving as soldiers during the Revolution.

True

The American Declaration of Independence has been an inspirational political document for peoples around the world.

True

The brutal treatment of civilians by British forces under Col. Banastre Tarleton persuaded many Americans to join the patriot cause.

True

The colonial political leader Joseph Galloway predicted that if the colonies were to achieve independence, a war between the northern and southern colonies might later occur.

True

The reason John Hancock signed the Declaration of Independence in such large script was because he wanted to make sure King George III could read his signature without the assistance of his glasses.

True

When, on April 19, 1775, British soldiers marched from Boston to the nearby town of Concord to seize a cache of weapons; some forty-nine Americans and seventy-three British soldiers died in skirmishes.

True

Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys gained control of the region later known as

Vermont

The Carolina "Regulators" of the mid-1760s were

a group of wealthy residents of the backcountry who protested the lack of courts and lack of representation in the colonial governance

Examples of the symbol "liberty" appeared in all of the following except

a thin soup made only from colonial products called Liberty Consommé

The tactics of American resistance to British colonial policy from the mid-1760s through the mid-1770s included

boycotts on the importation of British goods mass demonstrations in the port towns speeches and pamphlets challenging Britain's right to tax its colonial subjects

Adding to Congress's formal declaration, the Declaration of Independence

declared the United States independent of British rule

A major blow in the relationship between the British and colonists occurred when Lord Dunmore proclaimed

escaped slaves who took up arms for the king would be freed

Thomas Paine's January 1776 pamphlet Common Sense argued all of the following except

it was common sense that in the struggle for independence, the slaves to whom Lord Dunmore offered freedom ought to be freed

Which word emerged as the foremost rallying cry for popular discontent in the New World in the mid-1700s?

liberty

Which of the following did the Stamp Act affect?

newspapers

As Thomas Paine's pamphlet, Common Sense, became one of the most successful and influential in the history of political writing to that date, Paine wanted a share of the profits to be used for

supplies for the Continental army

Sons of Liberty (1765) were said to oppose "every limitation of trade and duty on it." In this context, define "duty."

tax

What did the 1766 Declaratory Act declare?

that Parliament had the power to pass laws for the colonies "in all cases whatever"

British success in the Seven Years' War contributed to the making of the American Revolution because

the British raised taxes to pay for the debt it incurred during the war

Which of the following was not a British law forbidding colonial manufacture?

the Molasses Act of 1733

Which of the following was not a feature of the 1774 Intolerable Acts?

the repression of Catholicism in the colonies

When colonists insisted that because they were not represented in Parliament they could not be taxed by the British government, the British replied that they were represented by

virtual representation

Both colonists and some in Britain decried the treatment of John Wilkes because he

was expelled from Parliament due to his scandalous remarks about the king

Committees of Correspondence in the colonies during the 1760s

were a group of colonial elites who exchanged ideas and information about resistance to the Sugar, Currency, and Stamp Acts

The Daughters of Liberty were

women who spun and wove cloth during the Townshend Duties boycott