Chapter 5: HIS 201
writs of assistance
One of the colonies' main complaints against Britain; the writs allowed unlimited search warrants without cause to look for evidence of smuggling. (page 173)
Sons of Liberty
Organizations formed by Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and other radicals in response to the Stamp Act. (page 176)
In Thomas Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence, he berated the king regarding the continued inhumanity of the slave trade.
True
Who was considered "the first martyr" of the American Revolution?
Crispus Attucks
Declaration of Independence
Document adopted on July 4, 1776, that made the break with Britain official; drafted by a committee of the Second Continental Congress, including principal writer Thomas Jefferson. (page 190)
Crispus Attucks
During the Boston Massacre, the individual who was supposedly at the head of the crowd of hecklers and who baited the British troops. He was killed when the British troops fired on the crowd. (page 179)
"Give me liberty, or give me death!" was uttered by Samuel Adams at the first Continental Congress.
False
According to the doctrine of "virtual representation," the House of Commons represented very few residents of the British empire, despite their voting statuses.
False
As tensions between Britain and the colonies mounted, social conflict within the colonies faded.
False
Before leaving Boston, the British, under the command of Lord Charles Cornwallis, cut down the original Liberty Tree.
False
One of the unique aspects of Thomas Paine's writing was his addressing the upper elite, as they were the men who had voting power.
False
Opposition to the Stamp Act developed more slowly than in the case of the Townshend duties.
False
The 1764 Sugar Act provoked the colonists by increasing the tax on molasses imported into North America.
False
The Age of Revolution began in Spanish South America.
False
The Coercive Acts were known as the Abominable Acts in the colonies.
False
The Stamp Act had mainly affected residents of colonial ports, the Sugar Act managed to offend virtually every free colonist.
False
The Tea Act raised the price of Chinese tea in the colonies.
False
The first battles of the Revolutionary War were very successful for George Washington.
False
The immediate cause of the rioting at the home of Massachusetts governor Thomas Hutchinson was the Sugar Act.
False
The uprising along the Hudson River between the Green Mountain Boys and the governor of Georgia began with a dispute over land rights.
False
The words "we have it in our power to begin the world over again" and the description of the new nation as an "asylum for mankind" are from the Declaration of Independence.
False
Battle of Bunker Hill
First major battle of the Revolutionary War; it actually took place at nearby Breed's Hill, Massachusetts, on June 17, 1775. (page 185)
Battle of Yorktown
Last battle of the Revolutionary War; General Lord Charles Cornwallis along with over 7,000 British troops surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 17, 1781. (page 200)
Which of the "founding fathers" argued that Parliament had no right to authorize the Writs of Assistance to combat smuggling?
James Otis
Battle of Saratoga
Major defeat of British general John Burgoyne and more than 5,000 British troops at Saratoga, New York, on October 17, 1777. (page 197)
Sugar Act
1764 decision by Parliament to tax refined sugar and many other colonial products. (page 173)
Townshend Acts
1767 parliamentary measures (named for the chancellor of the Exchequer) that taxed tea and other commodities, and established a Board of Customs Commissioners and colonial vice-admiralty courts. (page 178)
Common Sense
A pamphlet anonymously written by Thomas Paine in January 1776 that attacked the English principles of hereditary rule and monarchical government. (page 186)
Lord Dunmore's proclamation
A proclamation issued in 1775 by the earl of Dunmore, the British governor of Virginia, that offered freedom to any slave who fought for the king against the rebelling colonists. (page 185)
Benedict Arnold
A traitorous American commander who planned to sell out the American garrison at West Point to the British. His plot was discovered before it could be executed and he joined the British army. (page 199)
The idea that the United States has a special mission to serve as a symbol of freedom, a refuge from tyranny, and a model for the world is called by historians
American exceptionalism
Who won the Revolutionary War?
Americans
Continental army
Army authorized by the Continental Congress in 1775 to fight the British; commanded by General George Washington. (page 185)
In September 1780, the able American commander ____________ turned traitor to the American cause and almost turned West Point over to the British.
Benedict Arnold
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
Boston Tea Party; Olive Branch Petition; publication of Common Sense; Declaration of Independence
Boston Massacre
Clash between British soldiers and a Boston mob, March 5, 1770, in which five colonists were killed. (page 179)
Following the Boston Tea Party, Parliament imposed restrictions on Massachusetts that included closing the port of Boston, curtailing town meetings, and allowing soldiers to be lodged in people's houses. These restrictions were called
Coercive or Intolerable Acts
The "shot heard 'round the world" began the American War of Independence, and took place in what city?
Concord
The final decisive victory in the War for Independence was
Cornwallis's defeat at Yorktown
Continental Congress
First meeting of representatives of the colonies, held in Philadelphia in 1774 to formulate actions against British policies; in the Second Continental Congress (1775-1789), the colonial representatives conducted the war and adopted the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. (page 182)
Intolerable Acts
Four parliamentary measures in reaction to the Boston Tea Party that forced payment for the tea, disallowed colonial trials of British soldiers, forced their quartering in private homes, and reduced the number of elected officials in Massachusetts. (page 181)
What two European powers allied with the Americans in the War for Independence?
France and Spain
The name of the Revolutionary "swamp fox" was
Francis Marion
The ruler of Great Britain during the time of the American Revolution was
George III
Who was appointed the military commander of the army during the Second Continental Congress?
George Washington
Which of the colonies did not participate in the First Continental Congress?
Georgia
Hessians
German soldiers, most from Hesse-Cassel principality (hence, the name), paid to fight for the British in the Revolutionary War. (page 195)
Committee of Correspondence
Group organized by Samuel Adams in retaliation for the Gaspée incident to address American grievances, assert American rights, and form a network of rebellion. (page 175)
Regulators
Groups of backcountry Carolina settlers who protested colonial policies. (page 177)
What did the Sugar Act of 1764 do that so vexed the colonists due to the already existing tax on molasses imported from the French West Indies?
It decreased it
Stamp Act
Parliament's 1765 requirement that revenue stamps be affixed to all colonial printed matter, documents, and playing cards; the Stamp Act Congress met to formulate a response, and the act was repealed the following year. (page 171)
Who engraved the image of the Boston Massacre that became one of the most influential pieces of political propaganda of the revolutionary era?
Paul Revere
The First Continental Congress met in__________.
Philadelphia
During the 1760s, backcountry protesters in the Carolinas were known as
Regulators
Who was not a member of the American delegation that negotiated the Treaty of Paris?
Samuel Adams
On October 17, 1777, the Americans scored an important victory against British forces at
Saratoga
Treaty of Paris
Signed on September 3, 1783, the treaty that ended the Revolutionary War, recognized American independence from Britain, established the border between Canada and the United States, fixed the western border at the Mississippi River, and ceded Florida to Spain. (page 200)
The two southern colonies that did not enroll free blacks and slaves to fight were
South Carolina and Georgia
During the Seven Years' War Great Britain treated the colonists as allies, yet only a few years later the colonists were treated as subordinates again.
True
Which of the following was not a part of the balance of power between the British and American forces during the Revolution?
The British had correctly surmised the degree of support for independence among the American population
Which of the following was not a feature of the Stamp Act crisis of 1765?
The Stamp Act was passed by the Stamp Act Congress as a way to subvert the power of Parliament to tax the colonies
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The first shots fired in the Revolutionary War, on April 19, 1775, near Boston; approximately 100 minutemen and 250 British soldiers were killed. (page 184)
virtual representation
The idea that the American colonies, although they had no actual representative in Parliament, were "virtually" represented by all members of Parliament. (page 173)
Boston Tea Party
The incident on December 16, 1773, in which the Sons of Liberty, dressed as Indians, dumped hundreds of chests of tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act of 1773. Under the Tea Act, the British exported to the colonies millions of pounds of cheap—but still taxed—tea, thereby undercutting the price of smuggled tea and forcing payment of the tea duty. (page 181)
"no taxation without representation"
The rallying cry of opponents to the 1765 Stamp Act. The slogan decried the colonists' lack of representation in Parliament. (page 175)
An early skirmish between the colonists and British soldiers was over the seizure of arms stockpiled in Concord.
True
At Trenton, Washington staged a surprise attack on Hessian soldiers in the service of the British.
True
At the beginning of the war, George Washington refused to accept black recruits.
True
By late 1774, colonial Committees of Safety had begun transferring effective power from established colonial governments (under British control) to grassroots bodies.
True
By substituting "pursuit of happiness" for "property," Jefferson's Declaration of Independence significantly broadened the American conception of freedom.
True
During the War for Independence, 5 percent of U.S. males aged sixteen to forty-five died.
True
In his work, A Summary View of the Rights of British America, Thomas Jefferson demanded that the British empire be seen as a collection of equal parts held together by loyalty to a constitutional monarch, not a system in which one part ruled over the others.
True
In response to the colonists forming of a Continental army, Britain declared the colonies in a state of rebellion and ordered the closing of all colonial ports.
True
In the late 1700s, there was a rumor that the Anglican Church in England planned to send bishops to America, causing colonists to fear that new religious courts might be established.
True
Some slaves gained their freedom by serving as soldiers during the Revolution.
True
The American Declaration of Independence has been an inspirational political document for peoples around the world.
True
The brutal treatment of civilians by British forces under Col. Banastre Tarleton persuaded many Americans to join the patriot cause.
True
The colonial political leader Joseph Galloway predicted that if the colonies were to achieve independence, a war between the northern and southern colonies might later occur.
True
The reason John Hancock signed the Declaration of Independence in such large script was because he wanted to make sure King George III could read his signature without the assistance of his glasses.
True
When, on April 19, 1775, British soldiers marched from Boston to the nearby town of Concord to seize a cache of weapons; some forty-nine Americans and seventy-three British soldiers died in skirmishes.
True
Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys gained control of the region later known as
Vermont
The Carolina "Regulators" of the mid-1760s were
a group of wealthy residents of the backcountry who protested the lack of courts and lack of representation in the colonial governance
Examples of the symbol "liberty" appeared in all of the following except
a thin soup made only from colonial products called Liberty Consommé
The tactics of American resistance to British colonial policy from the mid-1760s through the mid-1770s included
boycotts on the importation of British goods mass demonstrations in the port towns speeches and pamphlets challenging Britain's right to tax its colonial subjects
Adding to Congress's formal declaration, the Declaration of Independence
declared the United States independent of British rule
A major blow in the relationship between the British and colonists occurred when Lord Dunmore proclaimed
escaped slaves who took up arms for the king would be freed
Thomas Paine's January 1776 pamphlet Common Sense argued all of the following except
it was common sense that in the struggle for independence, the slaves to whom Lord Dunmore offered freedom ought to be freed
Which word emerged as the foremost rallying cry for popular discontent in the New World in the mid-1700s?
liberty
Which of the following did the Stamp Act affect?
newspapers
As Thomas Paine's pamphlet, Common Sense, became one of the most successful and influential in the history of political writing to that date, Paine wanted a share of the profits to be used for
supplies for the Continental army
Sons of Liberty (1765) were said to oppose "every limitation of trade and duty on it." In this context, define "duty."
tax
What did the 1766 Declaratory Act declare?
that Parliament had the power to pass laws for the colonies "in all cases whatever"
British success in the Seven Years' War contributed to the making of the American Revolution because
the British raised taxes to pay for the debt it incurred during the war
Which of the following was not a British law forbidding colonial manufacture?
the Molasses Act of 1733
Which of the following was not a feature of the 1774 Intolerable Acts?
the repression of Catholicism in the colonies
When colonists insisted that because they were not represented in Parliament they could not be taxed by the British government, the British replied that they were represented by
virtual representation
Both colonists and some in Britain decried the treatment of John Wilkes because he
was expelled from Parliament due to his scandalous remarks about the king
Committees of Correspondence in the colonies during the 1760s
were a group of colonial elites who exchanged ideas and information about resistance to the Sugar, Currency, and Stamp Acts
The Daughters of Liberty were
women who spun and wove cloth during the Townshend Duties boycott
