PSJ Exam 2
Chinese Exclusion Act
1882 law that denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate; first time the US blocked an entire group from entering America
Title X Gag Rule
1970: makes it illegal for healthcare providers in the Title X program to refer patients for an abortion
Media Literacy Example
5 aspects: authorship, format/techniques, audience, content/framing, and purpose; understanding who creates media content, why they created it, what is missing, and who the intended audience is
Social Institution Example
Family is a social institution that provides a framework for intimate relationships, child-rearing, and socialization. It regulates sexual behavior and provides emotional support to its members.
Implicit Bias Example
When someone says "kindergarten teacher," we are most likely to imagine a female teacher.
Refusal Clauses Example
a doctor could refuse to give a woman an abortion because it conflicts with their moral standpoint on the issue
Roundup Example
a drug raid; an unexpected visit by the police, usually with forced entry, with the aim of finding illegal drugs
Legalized Discrimination
a way to permissibly treat other as though they are inferior; target minorities
Qualifying Adjectives
adjectives used to identify the qualities/features of a person, shaping the opinion of those listening
Misinformation Effect Example
an eyewitness being asked "did you see the broken light" rather than "did you see a broken light"; the first assumes there was a broken light and shapes memory, influencing the possibility of misinformation effect
Heterosexuality
attraction to and sexual relations between individuals of the opposite sex
Media Consolidation Example
bigger news outlets taking over local news outlets, drawing a focus to national news and disconnecting people from their local communities
Invisible Punishment Example
convicted felons are not allowed to vote; convicted felons have a difficult time reintegrating back into regular life, making it more likely for them to get arrested again
Mindbugs
deep seated thought processes that affect the way we perceive, remember, reason, and make decisions
Title X Gag Rule Example
doctors must not perform or recommend abortions to their patients in order to receive federal funding for other contraceptive services
Disaster (Panic) Myths (during Katrina) Example
during Hurricane Katrina, government officials were concerned that when exposed to the news about the hurricane, they would freak out and lose order
Indigenous Social Justice Example
empowering indigenous cultures to live their own identities through the control over education, which would allow their histories, cultures, and languages be taught to their own children
Social Institution
established societal patterns of behavior organized around particular purposes
Indigenous Social Justice
focuses more on a recognition and acceptance of the major injustices faced by indigenous peoples
Informed Consent Laws Example
in South Dakota, women seeking an abortion must be told that the procedure could "end a human life"
Legalized Discrimination Example
invisible punishment; convicted felons struggle to find housing or jobs after being released, since those employers and realtors can turn them away
Forced Assimilation
involuntarily act of a culture group cohering to a dominant culture group by adopting their language, practices, beliefs, etc.
Felon Disenfranchisement
laws that either temporarily or permanently restrict the voting rights of convicted felony offenders, even after they have served their prison sentence
Disaster (Panic) Myths (during Katrina)
misconceptions that the public will panic when faced with a crisis or disaster, but in reality they do not usually freak out
Heterosexuality Example
originally defined a mental condition with an inclination towards both sexes
Misinformation Effect
small changes in language that shape memory and can result in mistaken eyewitness testimony
Color Symbolism
subjective meanings that humans attach to various colors
Informed Consent Laws
supposed to give unbiased and medical information to patients before operation, but in reality give false and biased information to scare and shame women out of having abortions
Chinese Exclusion Act Example
the Chinese, as the largest group of non-white immigrants in the US, were thought to be taking jobs and lowering wages, leading to violence toward Chinese laborers; all Chinese people were barred from obtaining naturalized citizenship
Media Literacy
the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms
Implicit Bias
the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our judgements, behaviors, and decisions in an automatic and unintentional manner
Media Consolidation
the concentration of ownership of the media into fewer corporations
Paternalism Example
the government making us wear seatbelts, limiting our autonomy for our own good
Paternalism
the practice of people in positions of authority restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to them in the subordinates' supposed best interest; suggests a parent-child relationship
Refusal Clauses
the rights of medical personnel to deny medication based on their personal ideology
Anchoring
the tendency, in making judgments, to rely on the first piece of information encountered or information that comes most quickly to mind
Invisible Punishment
the unique set of criminal sanctions that are imposed on individuals after they step outside the prison gates; a form of punishment that operates largely outside of public view and takes effect outside the traditional sentencing framework
Qualifying Adjectives Example
using "crafty" to describe the talents of a white basketball player, while referring to a talented black basketball player as "sneaky" with a negative connotation
Mindbugs Example
visual: illusion of two objects appearing two different sizes when they are the same size memory: false identification when asking a witness to identify a perp social: people seeing white people as "finding" after hurricane Katrina, while black people were "looting"; make us judge people based on what social groups they are in
Color Symbolism Example
we tend to associate black with bad and white with good; white lie, blackballed, white collar, black sheep
Anchoring Example
when at a car dealership, the dealer shows you expensive cars first, so that the cheaper ones later seem like a good deal, even though they are also overpriced
Forced Assimilation Example
when colonizers took over the Native Americans land, Native culture was erased as they were forced to adhere to those who colonized them; mainly took part through residential schools where Native kids were forced to go in order to be "cleansed" of their culture
Roundup
when large amounts of people are swept into the jail system; tend to target minority communities
Felon Disenfranchisement Example
while convicted felons are allowed to vote in Florida, they must pay a fine, which many of them cannot meet.