chapter 57

whats the angles for an arm sling

90 degree

Define ROM exercise

any body action involving muscles, joints, and natural directional movements

when a pt is using an cane it should at what level

below hip level

what should the pt never do with the walker

dont slide the walker when trying to walk

where should the cane be carried when walking

on the uninjured side

how long is an arm sling

55 inches

when adjusting crutches for the correct ht, adjust then so that the underarm pad is ____________ below the axilla 2 in 6 in 1 in 4 in

2 in

how far should the crutches be under the axilla

2 to 3 fingers or 2 to 3 inches uder the axilla

The height of a walker should be adjusted so that the handles are at the patient's hip level and the bend of the patient's elbows is at a comfortable ____________________degree angle. 25-30 15-25 10-12 22-25

25-30

when using a cane for support, the arm should hang naturally at the sides with the elbow flexed at about a ____________________ degree angle

25-30 degree angle

how long is an arm sling on the side

36-40

hwo long is an quad-base cane

4 ft

the pt should always make sure that the walker has all

4 legs on the floor

how many much gaits walks are commonly used

5 gait walks

The standard adult sling is about _____________________inches across the base, and 36 to 40 inches along the side. A. 40 B. 45 C.50 D.55

55

What's rotation?

A motion that turns a part on its axis (the head rotates on the neck)

What's pronation?

A rotation of the forearm that the palm facing down

whats the ROM exercise(12)

Adduction abduction dorsifexion Extension Flexion Hyperextension Rotation inversion plantar flexion pronation supination

what are some indication that a pt needs a mobility device

After an accident or injury Following a stroke With a severe medical condition Arthritis sufferers The older adult Physically challenged

standing

Avoid standing for a long time

What's flexion?

Bending the elbow or clenching a hand into a fist are examples of flexion.

What's an swing to gait for crutches

Crutches are moved forward simultaneously, and the weight is transferred forward. Then swing both feet together up to the crutches.

What's an swing through gait for crutches

Crutches are moved forward, weight is transferred, and both feet swing through the crutches, stopping slightly in front.

sitting

Do not remain in one position for too long. Get up and stretch often, and take short walks if you can.

What's dorsiflexion?

Extension of the entire foot as if taking foot off an pedal

Plantar Flexion

Flexion of the entire foot as if pressing an automobile pedal

how to properly move an pt in and out an wheelchair

Lock the brakes of a wheelchair and move the stirrups avoid crossing their feet make sure the transfer surface is the same as the wheelchair always use an gait belt make foot wear isn't slippery

What's an two gait for crutches

Matches the crutch to the opposite foot, moving them together.

What's are the two types of wheelchairs

Motorized Manual

when transferring an pt in or out the wheelchair you should never lift them by the

Never lift a patient by the arms or under the armpits.

What's the two types of crutches

Platform crutches Lofstrand/Canadian or forearm crutches

What's hyperextension?

Overextending a limb or body part beyond the normal limit.

What's an three point gait for crutches

Positions both crutches and the left foot forward and then brings up the right foot.

What's an four-gait for crutches

Shows the right crutch being positioned first, followed by moving the left foot.

sleeping

Sleep on your back if possible with a pillow under your knees or on your side.

What's inversion?

The movement of the sole toward the median plane (same as when an ankle is twisted)

What's extension?

The opposite of flexion; a straightening movement

What's supination?

The opposite of pronation, the rotation of the forearm of the palm facing up

driving

When driving for periods that will last longer than an hour, stop every hour to walk and stretch.

what should the ma always use when they transferring an patient

a gait belt

A walker is useful for patients who because of age or physical conditions: a. cannot use crutches. b. don't want to use a wheelchair. c. more convenient. d. don't want to use a cane or do not like types of other devices.

a. cannot use crutches.

When instructing patients on the use of the walker: a. move the walker forward and step into the walker while leaning slightly forward. b. move the walker forward and step into the walker while leaning slightly backward. c. adjust the walker so the handles are at the height of the patients elbows. d. place their foot when they step so it is even with the front of the walker.

a. move the walker forward and step into the walker while leaning slightly forward.

When adjusting crutches for the correct height, adjust them so that the underarm pad is _______ below the axilla. a. two inches b. six inches c. one inch d. four inches

a. two inches

many canes are _______________ colorful flexiblead ajustable lightweight come in a variety of types.

ajustable

an example of a sitution when the use of a moobility device would be needed included arthritis after stroke the physically challenged all the above

all the above

When adjusting crutches, hold the crutch up to the patient. The underarm pad should be how many inches below the axilla? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

When using a cane for support, the arm should hang naturally at the side with the elbow flexed at about a _______-degree angle. a. 20-25 b. 25-30 c. 10-15 d. 30-45

b. 25-30

When using proper body mechanics, which of the following statements is true? a. Always bend from the waist to allow the largest muscles of the legs to do the hard work. b. Check your posture by reminding yourself to keep your chin and chest up. c. Check your posture by keeping shoulders forward and pelvis tilted slightly inward. d. Hold heavy objects far away from the body

b. Check your posture by reminding yourself to keep your chin and chest up

An older adult patient usually has less trouble with which type of cane? a. Standard b. Quad c. Single-tip d. None of the above

b. Quad

To improve strength and flexibility, patients can accomplish this by: a. eating right. b. exercising. c. getting enough sleep. d. being idle.

b. exercising

In ROM exercises, abduction refers to: a. motion that pulls a structure toward the midline. b. motion that pulls a structure away from the midline. c. bending movement that decreases the angle between two parts. d. rotation of the forearm.

b. motion that pulls a structure away from the midline.

when lifting pt or moving or lifting heavy objects, certain technique should be used to prevent shoulder injury neck injury back injury wrist injury

back injury

following a stroke, if there has been a loss of use of the extremities or if the person has become somewhat unsteady on his or her ft, something might be needed to help him or her maintain agility dignity balance good health

balance

why is an walker issued to an pt

because of age or physical condition, cannot safely use crutches.

When transferring patients you should do all of the following except: a. Take small shuffling steps b. Use a gait belt c. Have patients put their arms around your neck d. Explain to patient what you're going to do

c. Have patients put their arms around your neck

Which of the following crutch gaits positions both crutches and the left foot forward and then brings up the right foot? a. Two-point b. Swing-through c. Three-point d. Four-point

c. Three-point

Some walkers come equipped with extras. These would include all of the following except: a. wheels. b. handbrakes. c. motors. d. seating area.

c. motors.

a walker is useful for pt who because of age or physical condition cant use crutches dont want to use a wheelchair more convenient dont want to use a cane or dont like types of other devices

cant use crutches

what should alaway be checked after puting on an arm sling

check arm and fingers for circulation

when using proper body mechanics, which following statement is true always bend form the waist to allow the largest muscle of the legs to do the hard work check your posture by reminding yourself to keep your chin and chest up check your posture by keeping shoulders forward and pelvis tilted silghty inward hold heavy objects far away form the body

check your posture by reminding yourself to keep your chin and chest up

how should the body be to gain good posture

chin and chest up, shoulders back, pelvis tilted slightly inward,feet straight at approximately a shoulder width apart and weight evenly distributed to both legs with a slight bend in your knees

regular exercises improves

circulation muscle tones relieve tension

An example of a situation when the use of a mobility device would be needed includes: a. arthritis sufferers. b. after a stroke. c. the physically challenged. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Usually, a single person cannot hold up someone who becomes dead weight. The best option to prevent injury in this case would be to: a. grasp the patient under the arm. b. grasp patient around the waist. c. yell for help. d. ease the patient to the floor

d. ease the patient to the floor.

if pt becomes dead wt the ma should

ease the patient to the floor to prevent injury.

The Lofstrand/Canadian crutch is also known as

forearm crutches

if pt becomes dead wt and falls foward what should the ma do

grasp him or her around the waist, extend your leg farthest from the patient forward, bend at the knees, and slowly lower the patient to the floor

if pt becomes dead wt and falls back what should the ma do

grasp him or her under the arms, put one leg back with the foot at a right angle, slide the other leg forward under the patient, and ease him or her to slide down your leg onto the floor

where should the walker be leveled at

hip level

why pt did assistant on transferring

if they cannot walk or lift themselves.

what does ROM exercise improve

improves circulation and muscle tone and flexibility

who does ROM exercises apply to

individuals that cant do strenuous exercise

Body mechanics

is the practice of using certain key muscle groups together with good body alignment and proper body positioning to reduce the risk for injury to both patient and caregiver.

whats on disadvantage from a wheel walker

it can cause patients to fall if it rolls away from them.

what should the ma instruct the pt on with home environment

keep floors free of spills and clutter remove all loose throw rugs or damaged floor coverings floor-care product, such as floor wax, that might cause the floor to be slippery must be avoided appropriate footwear is worn

whats an benefit from an wheel walker

lets pt move more quicker

The Lofstrand/Canadian crutch would be used for: a. children. b. short term rehabilitation. c. adults. d. long- Term rehabilitation.

long- Term rehabilitation.

how to walk with an cane

move the cane and injured forward then move the uninjured following

how to walk with a cane going up and own the stairs

move the cane and uninjured leg up or down the stairs then follow by the injured

how to walk with an crutch

move the crutch in front of you by putting your wt on on the handles with your hand instead of your arm on the padding the and step out with your uninjured feet on the floor follow with swing your injured feet w/o touching the floor always

when instructing pt on the use of the walker move the walker forward and step into the walker leaning slightly forward move the walker forward and step into the walker while leaning slightly backward adjust the walker so the handles are at the ht of the pt elbows place their foot when they step so its even with front of the walker

move the walker forward and step into the walker leaning slightly forward

whats abduction

moving away from the midline of the body

whats an adduction

moving toward the midline of the body

how to walk with an walker

pick the walker move it followed then follow by moving yourself forward right after

when transferring an pt in or out the wheelchair never let them

put their arms around your neck or your shoulders.

what should the pt while walking with an crutches never do

put their wt on the arms of padding but instead put wt on the handles with their hands

what cane is less trouble for pt

quad-base cane

what does ROM stand for

range of motion

how to put on an arm sling

the arm should be at an 90 degree angle then slide the injured arm into the sling opeening lastly adjust the sling around the back of your neck on the side of the uninjured arm

whats active ROM excerise

the exercise is done independently

whats passive ROM exercise

the exercise is done with assistant

Ergonomics

the study of people's efficiency in their working environment.

which of the following crutches gaits position both crutches and left foot forward and then brings up the right foot two point swing through three point four point

three point

when is crutches are used

to give foot, ankle, knee, or leg injury or surgery an opportunity to heal.

what the purpose of rom

to prevent the development of adaptive muscle shortening, contractures, and shortening of the capsule, ligaments, and tendons

an arm sling is used for what

used to support an arm after a fracture or injury to the shoulder or arm

_________________enables a person to get around who would otherwise be immobile.

wheelchair