Chapter 6

Ring

All devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop, so that each device is connected directly to two other devices. _____ topologies are relatively expensive, difficult to install, but they offer high bandwidth and can span large distances

Discovery

Allows users to browse and search data sources in all topic areas on the Web.

Search engines

Are computer programs that are used to search for specific information by keywords and then report the results; The largest are Google, Yahoo, Bing, Baidu

Mobile portals

Are portals accessible from mobile devices

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Companies can establish direct private network links among themselves or create private, secure Internet access, in effect a "private tunnel" within the Internet

Network Neutrality

Concept that ISPs must allow computers equal access to content and applications regardless of the source or nature of the content

Local area network

Connects two or more devices in a limited geographical region so that every device on the network can communicate with each other

Coaxial Cable

Consists of insulated copper wires

Enterprise network

Consists of multiple LANs and WANs that are interconnected

Domain Name

Consists of multiple parts separated by dots which are read from right to left

Analog signals

Continuous waves that transmit information by altering the characteristics of the waves

Demodulation

Converting analog signals to digital signals

Modulation

Converting digital signals to analog signals

Asynchronous Transfer mode

Data transmission technology that uses packet switching and allows for almost unlimited bandwidth on demand

Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

Defines how messages are formulated and how they are interpreted by the receiver

Wireless

Devices are connected by a receiver/transmitter to a special network interface card that transmits signals between a computer and server, all within an acceptable transmission range

Digital signals

Discrete pulses that are either on or off, representing a series of bits (0s and 1s)

Network interface card

Every device on a LAN has one of these which allows that device to physically connect to the LAN's communication medium

Network Access points (NAPs)

Exchange points for Internet traffic; Determine how traffic is routed, internet backbone

Client/server computing

Links 2 or more computers in an arrangement in which some machines (servers) provide computing services for user PC's (clients)

Metropolitan area network

MAN is the acronym for _____.

Coaxial Cable

Much less susceptible to electrical interference, and can carry more data are advantages of _____.

Twisted-pair wiring

The prevalent form of communication wiring; strands of copper wiring twisted in pairs

Protocol

The set of rules or procedures governing transmission across a network

WAN

Typically contains multiple LANs

Fiber-optic cables

Typically used as the backbone for a network

Cable

Uses physical wires or cables to transmit data and information

Wide area network

WAN is the acronym for ______.

Routers

WANs contain ______ which are communication processors that route messages from a LAN to the internet, across several connected LANs, or across a WAN

Downloading

Which is faster downloading or uploading

VPN

____ are important because with security on the rise, keeping electronic records safe is an area of concern for many businesses

WAN

_____ are provided by common carriers like a telephone companies

First type

______ Peer-to-peer processing accesses unused CPU power among networked computers

Second type

______ Peer-to-peer processing is real time person to person collaboration

False

(T/F)ISPs want net neutrality because it allows them to charge different prices to individuals based on internet usage

Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol

(TCP/IP) is a file transfer protocol that can send large files across sometimes unreliable networks (Internet) with assurance that the data will arrive uncorrupted; 3 basic functions

World wide web

A system of universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information via a client/server architecture; not the same thing as the internet

Computer network

A system that connects computers and other devices via communications media so that data and information can be transmitted among them

Peer-to-peer processing

A type of Client/server distributed processing where each computer acts as both a client and a server ex: Napster There are 3 types

PAN (Personal area network)

A very small computer network within 10 meters of a person's space (acronym)

Portal

A web-based personalized gateway to information and knowledge that provides relevant information from different IT systems and the Internet using advanced search and indexing techniques

Bus

All devices are connected to a central cable called a ____; ____ networks are relatively inexpensive and easy to install for small networks (SAME word for both blanks)

Star

All devices are connected to a central device called a hub. _____ networks are relatively easy to install and manage but bottlenecks can occur because all the data must pass through the hub

Extranet

An extension of an intranet that is only available to authorized outsiders such as customers, partners, and suppliers; kind of public/private

Synchronous Optical Network

An interface standard for transporting digital signals over fiber optic lines that allows users to integrate transmissions from multiple vendors

Internet Protocol (IP) address

Assigned address assigned to every computer that distinguishes it from all other computers; IPv4 = 4 part 32 bits, IPv6 = 128 bits used due to increasing # of devices

Fiber-optic cables

Consist of thousands of very thin filaments of glass fibers that transmit information via light pulses generated by lasers

Modems

Convert digital signals to analog signals and analog signals to digital signals

Coaxial Cable

More expensive, more difficult to work with, and somewhat inflexible are disadvantages of _____.

Dial-up

Must convert digital signals into analog, transmission speeds up to 56kbps i.e. SLOW

Fiber-optic cables

Significantly smaller and lighter than other mediums, can transmit more data, and provides greater security for data are advantages of _____.

Twisted-pair wiring

Slow for transmitting data, subject to interference from other electrical sources, easily tapped by others are disadvantages of _______

Application Transport Internet Network interface

The four layers of TCP/IP are 1.)______, 2.)_______=> provides communication ability, 3.)_______ => addressing and routing, 4.)______=> sends to/from the network

PAN LAN MAN WAN

The four types of networks from smallest to largest are ____, _____, _____, ____. (Acronyms)

WAN

The internet is a _____ network (acronym)

Name of the Company

The main portion/ middle of the Internet name

Top-level domain

The right most part of an Internet name; ex: .com, .gov, .edu

Uniform resource locator

The set of letters that represent a resource on the web that points to the address of a specific resource on the web

Metasearch engines

These search several search engines at once and integrate the findings of the various search engines to answer queries posted by the user

Packet switching

Transmission technology that breaks-up blocks of data into packets

Third type

_______ Peer-to-peer processing is open source free peer to peer file-sharing

Affinity portals

Support communities such as a hobby group or political party

True

(T/F) Computers don't work in isolation, data exchange provides advantages, data exchange can take place over great distances

True

(T/F) In a computer network, connected computers: work together, are interdependent, and exchange data with each other

True

(T/F) LANs often have a file server or network server that contains various software and data for the network

True

(T/F) The internet is a WAN

True

(T/F) The internet is essential because it's flexible, shares resources, allows geographic dispersement of employees, and links businesses with customers and suppliers.

False

(T/F) Voice and data communications are becoming slower and more expensive

True

(T/F) WANs have a large capacity and typically combine multiple channels (fiber-optic, microwave, satellite)

Ethernet

A common LAN protocol

Internet service provider (ISP)

A company that offers internet connection for a fee

Internet

A global WAN that connects approximately 1 million organizational computer networks in more than 200 countries on all continents and plays a role in the daily routine of almost 2 billion people

Digital subscriber line

A high-speed digital transmission technology using existing analog telephone lines

MAN

A large computer network usually spanning a city (acronym)

Intranet

A restricted network that relies on Internet technologies to provide an Internet-like environment within the company for information sharing, communications, collaboration, web-publishing, and the support of the business process

Home page

A text and graphical screen display that usually welcomes the user and explains the organization that has established the page

Hybrids

Groups of star-configured workstations are connected to a linear bus backbone cable, combining the characteristics of the bus and star topologies

T-carrier systems

High-powered digital transmission system that defines circuits that operate at different rates, all of which are multiples of the basic 64 kbps user to transport a single voice call

Backbone network

High-speed central networks to which multiple smaller networks connect

Twisted-pair wiring

Inexpensive to purchase, widely available and easy to work with are advantages of _____.

Network Access points (NAPs)

Internet Kiosks, Dial-up, DSL, Cable Modem, Satellite, Wireless, FIber to the home; are all examples of ____

Local area network

LAN is the acronym for _____.

Commercial (public) portals

Offer content for diverse communities and are most popular portals on the Internet

Sequences

One of the TCP/IP functions; ____ the transfer of packets

Acknowledges

One of the TCP/IP functions; _____ the packets that have been transferred

Packets

One of the TCP/IP functions; managing the movement of _____ between computers by establishing a connection between the computers

Personal area network

PAN is the acronym for _____.

Corporate portals

Portals that offer a personalized single point of access through a web browser

Industrywide portals

Portals that support entire industries

DSL (digital subscriber line)

Provider operates on the same lines as telephones and dial-up modems, always available internet

Cable

Provider operates over a coaxial cable, transmission speeds between 1 and 6 mbps for downloads and 128-768 for uploads

Broadband

Refers to network transmission capacities ranging from approximately 1 million bits per second to 20 megabits with fiber to home.

Network Topology

Refers to the geometric arrangement of the actual physical organization of the computers and other network devices in a network

Bandwidth

Refers to the transmission capacity of a network; it is stated in bits per second

Internet protocol

Responsible for disassembling, delivering, and reassembling the data during transmission