Chapter 6
Telecommuting
a process in which knowledge workers are being called the distributed workforce. work from anywhere and anytime
Internet Protocol Address
a unique address to each computer on the internet that distinguished it from all other computers
World Wide Web
a system of universally accepted standards for strong, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information via a client/server architecture
Internet and WWW same thing?
no, the internet functions as a transport mechanism connecting participants
videoconference
participants in one location can view participants, documents, and presentations at other locations
Objective when mapping out a networks
1- speed 2- distance 3- cost
3 types of P2P processing
*1st: accesses unused CPU power among networked computers, can be downloaded at no cost *2nd: is person to person collaboration such as Microsoft SharePoint Workspace *3rd: is advanced search and file sharing ex: BitTorrent
Software-Defined Networks (SDN)
*An emerging technology that is becoming increasingly important to help organizations mange their data flows across their enterprise networks. *With SDN, decisions controlling how network traffic flows across network devices are managed centrally by software. *the Software dynamically adjusts data flows to meet business and application needs
4 layers
*Application-enables client application programs to access the other layers & it defines the protocols the applications use to exchange data *Transport-provided the application layer w comm & packet services, includes TCP *Internet-responsible for addressing, routing, and packaging data packets, ex: IP *Network interface- places packets on, and receives, from the network medium which can be any tech
PAN (personal area network)
*a computer network used for communication among computer devices(including smartphones,tablets, games, etc) *Short range, a few meters, close to one person
Internet
*a global WAN that connects approximately 1 million organizatioanl computer networks in more than 200 countries on all continents *in the daily routine of billion people
Wide Area Network (WAN0
*a network that covers a large geographic area.. *WANs typically connect multiple LANs. *they are generally provided by common carriers such as telephone companies and the international networks of global communication services providers. *WANs have large capacity and they typically combine multiple channels (fiber optic cables, microwave, and satellite). *the internet is an example of a WAN
intranet
*a network that uses internet protocols so that users can take advantage of familiar applications and work habits *supports discovery,communication, and collaboration inside an organization
coaxial cable
*a single strand of insulated copper wire *it is much less susceptible to electrical interference, and it an carry much more data than twisted-pair * it is commonly used to carry high-speed data traffic as we'll as television signals
LAN (Local Area Network)
*connects two or more devices in a limited geographical region, usually within the same building so that every device on the network can communicate with every other device *mot LANs today use Ethernet *uses a network server to connect to other LANs
fiber-optic cable
*consists of thousands of very thin filaments or glass fibers that transmit information via light pulses generated by lasers *The fiber-optic cable is surrounded by cladding, a coating that prevents the light from leaking out of the fiber
Internet2
*devleops and deploys advanced network applications ex(remote medical diagnosis, digital libraries, distance education, online simulation, and virtual laboratories) *designed to be fast,always on, everywhere, natural, intelligent. easy, and trusted
Enterprise Network
*serves one organization *organizational interconnected networks consisting of multiple lANs and may also include multiple WANs
twisted-pair wire
*the most prevalent form of communications wiring used for almost all business telephone wiring and as the name suggests, it consists of strands of copper wire twisted in pairs. *it is relatively inexpensive to purchase, widely available, and easy to work with
Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (tcp/IP)
*the protocol of the internet. *file transfer protocol that can send large files of information across sometime unreliable networks with assurance that the data will arrive uncorrupted
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Processing
*type of client/server distributed processing where each computer acts as both a client and a server *each computer can access all files on all the computers
TCP performs three basic functions
1) it manages the movement of data packets between computers by establishing a connection between the computers 2) it sequences the transfer of packets 3)it acknowledges the packets that have been transmitted
3 factors that could cause internet brownout
1)increasing # of people who work online 2)soaring popularity of websites such as youtube and netflix requiring large amounta of bandwidth 3)tremendous demand for high definition television delivered over the internet
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
in charge of maintaining the DNS root zone *today, IANA distinguishes Country-code top-level domains, Internationalized country code top-level domains, and Generic top-level domains
virtual collaboration (e-collaboration)
the use of digital technologies that enable organization or individuals who are geographically dispersed to collaborate
electronic teleconferencing
the use of electronic communication technology that enables two or more people at different locations to hold a conference
teleconferencing
the use of electronic communication technology that enables two or more people at different locations to hold a conference
Internationalized country code top-level domains
these are ccTLDs in non-latin character sets (arabic or chinese)
Protocol
Set of rules and procedures governing transmission across a network
Ethernet
*a common local area network protocol *many organizations use 100 gigabit ethernet, where the network provides data transmission speeds of 100 gigabits per second
Mobile portals
Yahoo!Mobile
Distance Learning
any learning situation in which teachers and students do no meet face-to-face
Broadband
based on the Federal communications commission (FCC) 2010 definition is that broadband is the transmissison capacity of a communications medium
voice over IP
digitizes analog voice signals, section them into packets, and sends them over the internet (Skype,whatsapp, vonage)
E-learning
learning supported by the Web
virtual group (team)
virtual groups conduct virtual meetings- they "meet" electronically
electronic chat room
virtual meeting place where groups of regulars come to chat
Computer Network
A system that connects computers and other devices (ex printers) via communications media so that data can be transmitted among them
Packets
Before data are transmitted over the internet, they are divided into small, fixed bundles called packets, 4 of them
portals
a web-based personalized gateway to information and knowledge that provides relevant information from different IT systems and the internet using advanced search and indexing techniques
Distributed processing
Divides processing work among two or more computers which enables computers in different locations to communicate with one another via telecommunication
IPv6
can accommodate more devices (smart phones) ex(e.g. http://[2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348])
router
a communication processor that routes messages from PAN or LAN to the internet, across several connected LANs or across a WAN, such as the internet
seacrh engine
a computer program that searches for specific information by keywords and then reports the results
communication
a major category of network applications related to communication technoloigies delivered online
Communication Channel
a pathway or medium communicating data from one location to another
industrywide portal
a portal that serves and entire industry ex(TruckNet)(Rogdpro)
crowdsourcing
a process in which an ogranization outsources a task to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call
Browser
a program that gives users a graphical way to access web sites, univserial way to access the world wide web
synchronous collaboration
all them members meet at the same time
Knowledge workers
being called the distributed workforce or "digital nomads"
discovery
capability of internet to areas ranging from education to government services to entertainment to commerces
Digital Signal
computer network comment via DS, discrete pulses that are either off & on representing a series of bits
Extranet
connects parts of the infants of different organizations
Internet Corporaion for Assigned Names (ICANN)
coordinates these unique adresses throughout the world * without that coordination, we would not have one global internet
hypertext transfer protocol
defines how a messages are formulated & how they are interpreted
Domain Name system
easy-to-remember names for some IP addresses like business.mimi.edu
Collaboration
efforts by two or more entities who work together to accomplish certain tasks, ex. (waze, google docs)
Corporate backbone networks
high-speed central networks to which multiple smaller networks (such as LANS and smaller WANs) connect
Interent Service Provider (ISP)
is a company that provieds internet connectioncs for free *large ISPs include comcast, at&t, time warne cable, and verizon
communication media
is the physial media used to send data (ex, twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, satellite)
largest volume application running over the internet
Client/Server computing
links two or more computers in an arrangement in which some machines, called servers, provide computing services for user PCs called clients
asynchronous collaboration
occurs when team members cannot meet at the same time
corporate portal
offers a personalized, single point o access through a web browser to critical business information located inside and outside an organization *these portals are also know as enterprise portals, information portals, and enterprise information portals ex(Humana)
affinity portal
offers a single point of entry to an entire community of affiliated interests, such as a hobby group or a political party ex(techweb.com)
Network Access Point
often used by ISPs to connect to one another *NAPs are exchange points for internet traffic *they determine how traffic is routed *key components of the internet backbones
Virtual Universities
online universities in which students take classes via the internet at home or an off-site location
BITTorrent
open source, free, peer-to-peer file sharing application that simplifies the problem of sharing large files by diving them into tiny pieces aka torrents
cable modems
operte over coaxial cable, cable tc, offer broadband access
Bandwith
refers to the transmission capacity of a network; it is stated in bits per second
DSL modem
same line as voice & telephone, always maintain connection to internet
metasearch engines
search several engines at once and then integrate the findings to answer users queries
web-based call centers
services that provide effective personalize customer contact as an important part of web-based customer support
Internet protocol
set of rules responsible for disassembling, delivering, and reassembling packets over the internet
Unified communications
simplifis and integrates all forms of communications on a common hardware and software platform
top-level domain
the domain at the highest level in the hierarchical domain name system of the internet *the top-level domain names are located in the root zone(rightmost zone) of the name *management of most TLDs is delegated to responsible organizations by ICANN
telepresence
the latest form of videoconferencing which enables participants to seamlessly share data,voice,pictures ,graphics, and animation by electronic means
commercial (public) portals
the most popular type of portal on the internet and is intended for broad and diverse audiences (stock ticket) msn.com
IPv4
the most widely used format (ex 135.62.128.91)
workflow
the movement of information as it progresses through the sequences of steps that make up an organizations work procedures
internet backbone
the primary network connections and telecommunicationslines that link the nodes made up of a fiber-optic network that is operated primarily by large telecommunication companies
Generic top-level domain
top-level domains with three or more characters ex(.gov,.edu,.org, .mil and .net
Country-code top-level domains
two letter domains established for countries or territories, ex(de stands for germany, it for italy, and ru for russia)
Work group
two or more individuals who act together to perform some taks
URL
users access a Web Site through browsers by specifying a URL(uniform resource locator)