Chapter 6
DID treatment
1. recognize fully the nature of the disorder 2. recover the gaps in their memory 3. integrate their sub personalities into one functional personality
what are the 2 pathways in which arousal is produced
1. sympathetic nervous system 2. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal pathway
overall, about 1/3 of all cases of PTSD improve within ______ months
12
of the nearly 2.7 million veterans of the wars in Iraq an dAfghanistan, nearly _________ percent have reported symptoms of PTSD
20
What percent of women report being sexually assaulted in college
23
surveys indicate that at least ________% of people in North America experience one of the stress disorders in any given year
3.5 to 6
it appears that between ______% of torture victims develop PTSD
30 and 50
the hypothalamus activates these 2 important systems when the brain interprets a situation as dangerous
ANS and endocrine
people with which dissociative disorder typically do not eventually recover without receiving treatment?
DID
with regard to PTSD, what effect is expected in soldiers who are directly exposed to prolonged combat-related stress
Higher rates of PTSD symptoms
a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression and flashbacks that persist for years after a traumatic event best describes
PTSD
in which disorder do extraordinary stress and trauma play a central role
PTSD
what is the disorder when symptoms continue longer than 1 month
PTSD
years after the US civil war was over, many veterans diagnosed with melancholia or soldier's heart still experienced vivid flashbacks of their combat experiences, as well as nightmares and guilt about what they had done. Today, their symptoms are consistent with:
PTSD
which does NOT characterize stress disorders?
a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event
what is the disorder when symptoms begin within 4 weeks of traumatic event and lass for less than a month
acute stress disorder
when was it recognized that acute stress during combat could result in psychological symptoms after combat?
after the Vietnam war
which part of the brain causes emotional reactions?
amygdala
____________ medications are used to treat the symptoms related to PTSD
antidepressant
what is PTSD treatment for vets?
antidepressant drugs, cognitive-behavioral therapy, couple or family therapy and group therapy
those people most likely to develop stress disorders are:
anxious and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them
which factor during childhood has NOT been shown to increase a person's likelihood of developing a stress disorder after experiencing a trauma later in life?
being required to "work" for an allowance
individuals experiencing dissociative amnesia sometimes are given sodium amobarbital or sodium pentobarbital because those drugs:
calm people and reduce their inhibitions
what is the psychodynamic view for dissociative amnesia and DID
caused by repression
in the face of fear, a person is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted view of the world. This person is showing which fear response?
cognitive
Max experienced a dissociative fugue for 2 weeks. Upon "waking" from this state, a common immediate reaction is:
confusion
which is the most accurate statement about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing in the after math of a disaster
debriefing can have negative effects on some victims
an individual has been diagnosed with a dissociative disorder. However, the individual has very good recall of previous life events and has a strong sense of self. The most likely diagnosis for this individual is:
depersonalization disorder
Luis feels like he is floating and like his head is smaller than usual. He also sees his girlfriend moving as if she were a robot. Luis is most likely experiencing
depersonalization-derealization disorder
feel they are unattached from their own mental processes or bodies
depersonalization-derealization disorder
unable to recall important personal events and information
dissociative amnesia
which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity and even a separation of one part of the identity from another
dissociative disorder
forget identity and past life and flee to a different location
dissociative fugue
this disorder involves a person traveling to a new location and assuming a new identity, simultaneously forgetting his or her past
dissociative fugue
an individual who formerly knew how to speak a foreign language and play a musical instrument can no longer remember how to do so as a result of a dissociative disorder. The dissociative disorder most likely present is
dissociative identity
one distinction that DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and PTSD is based on the:
duration of anxiety symptoms
mason is receiving therapy for DID. At which stage would the family therapy most likely be included as part of therapy?
early on when the therapist is trying to help the client recognize the nature of the disorder
which research finding supports the idea that individuals may inherit a predisposition to PTSD
elevated cortisol level in babies born to women who were pregnant during 9/11
what chemicals are released from the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
in the psychodynamic view, dissociative identity disorder is thought to result from a lifetime of:
excessive repression
trevor has PTSD and reports symptoms of derealization. He is:
experiencing reduced responsiveness
clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner from side to side while flooding their minds with images of the objects and situations they avoid
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
which best describes someone experiencing derealization?
feels as if the world has changed and become strange and surreal
the individuals who are most likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are:
female or low-income individuals
in the treatment of dissociative amnesia, sodium amobarbital and sodium pentobarbital work by:
freeing people from their inhibitions, thus allowing them to recall unpleasant events
this is the final merging of two or more sub personalities in multiple personality disorder
fusion
Gwen is held up at knife point, and her young son is kidnapped. Eventually her son is found and returned. However, Gwen is unable to recall events that occurred since the attack, although she remembers some new experiences; worse still, she finds that she is forgetting events that occurred even before the attack. This is a classic example of:
generalized amnesia
which part of the brain forms memories and regulates stress hormones
hippocampus
the features of arousal and fear are set in motion by the brain area called the:
hypothalamus
which part of the brain causes arousal
hypothalamus
critical incident stress debriefing is intended to take place:
immediately after a trauma and continue short term
which is typical of PTSD
increased arousal, anxiety and guilt
after a major earthquake, television coverage showed survivors shuffling confusedly through the ruined buildings. If such victims could not remember the days immediately after the earthquake, the victims would be suffering from which type of amnesia?
localized
the most common type of dissociative amnesia is:
localized amnesia
key to our sense of identity is our:
memory
the usual goal of therapy for DID is to:
merge sub personalities into a single identity
a client receiving treatment for identity disorder is progressing well through therapy. Then, fusion occurs. Most likely, the client has:
merged the final 2 or more subpersonalities
Alexis has DID when one of her personalities, Jodi, is asked about another one, Tom, she claims ignorance. Tom has never heard of Jodi either. This is called a:
mutually amnesic relationship
Troy htas DID, all of his sub personalities talk about and tattle on each other. This is an example of a:
mutually cognizant pattern
investigators have shown the traumatic events are related to abnormal activity of the neurotransmitter:
norepinephrine
which is the best example of sub personalities in dissociative identity disorder differing in identifying features?
one personality is woman and the other is man
memory problems that do not interfere with daily living are referred to as:
peculiarities of memory
opponents of the repressed memory concepts believe that:
people may respond to techniques like hypnosis by unconsciously forming false memories
a student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to speak in class is experiencing a _________ response to stress
physical
when we are faced with stressors, the hypothalamus signals the _________ gland to secrete ACTH
pituitary
a friend says, "I know someone who is a combat veteran who was just diagnosed with PTSD. Do you think therapy will help this person?" which is the best answer
probably. about 2/3 of those receiving therapy for PTSD eventually show improvement
victims talk extensively about their feelings and reactions within days of the critical incident
psychological debriefing
combat veterans in a therapy group express a great deal of guilt and rage. most likely, the veterans are in a
rap group
which statement about long-term effects of rape on women is most accurate
rape victims are significantly more likely to abuse alcohol or drugs
psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative amnesias and fugues result from:
repression
dissociative amnesia treatment for psychodynamic
search patients' unconscious: hypnotic and drug therapy
_________ amnesia involves the individual remembering some, but not all events that occurred during a period of time
selective
after Caroline's plane crash that she survived, her mother came to stay with her. her friends visited often and went to eat with her occasionally. This probably helped with her coping ability after the accident. How does this relate as a factor in her response to stress?
social support
what is the cognitive behavioral view of dissociative amnesia and DID
state dependent learning, if you learn something in certain conditions you are likely to remember it in the same conditions
a person who copes well with a happy event in life is showing a positive
stress response
poor health is best described as a
stressor
events that create demands, like weddings, earthquakes and being stuck in rush hour traffic are called:
stressors
if a deer jumps in front of your car while you are driving, the stress response that is initially activated is the:
sympathetic nervous system
in response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goosebumps and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the:
sympathetic nervous system
Norepinephrine is to _______ as corticosteroid is to ________
sympathetic pathway; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway
kelly was in a passenger plane. He watched all 4 engines quit at once and saw the plane explode. He was severely injured. When he regained consciousness several weeks later, he had a stress reaction that lasted years and could never fly again. The factor that probably most contributed to his extreme post traumatic stress reaction was:
the severity of the trauma
according to developmental psychopathologists, why do children tend to fare worse than adults when faced with an extreme stressor for the first time?
their stress pathways and circuits are not fully developed
what do acute and ptsd have in common with dissociative disorders?
they are triggered by traumatic events
which statement is true regarding dissociative fugues
they end very abruptly
DID is ____ to be diagnosed in a woman compared with a man
three times more likely
people with low incomes are ______ as likely as people with higher incomes to experience one of the stress disorders
twice
women are approximately ________ as likely as men to develop stress disorders
twice
if you studied for this exam while you were unusually happy, you will probably do best taking it when you are:
unusually happy
