Chapter 6

DID treatment

1. recognize fully the nature of the disorder 2. recover the gaps in their memory 3. integrate their sub personalities into one functional personality

what are the 2 pathways in which arousal is produced

1. sympathetic nervous system 2. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal pathway

overall, about 1/3 of all cases of PTSD improve within ______ months

12

of the nearly 2.7 million veterans of the wars in Iraq an dAfghanistan, nearly _________ percent have reported symptoms of PTSD

20

What percent of women report being sexually assaulted in college

23

surveys indicate that at least ________% of people in North America experience one of the stress disorders in any given year

3.5 to 6

it appears that between ______% of torture victims develop PTSD

30 and 50

the hypothalamus activates these 2 important systems when the brain interprets a situation as dangerous

ANS and endocrine

people with which dissociative disorder typically do not eventually recover without receiving treatment?

DID

with regard to PTSD, what effect is expected in soldiers who are directly exposed to prolonged combat-related stress

Higher rates of PTSD symptoms

a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression and flashbacks that persist for years after a traumatic event best describes

PTSD

in which disorder do extraordinary stress and trauma play a central role

PTSD

what is the disorder when symptoms continue longer than 1 month

PTSD

years after the US civil war was over, many veterans diagnosed with melancholia or soldier's heart still experienced vivid flashbacks of their combat experiences, as well as nightmares and guilt about what they had done. Today, their symptoms are consistent with:

PTSD

which does NOT characterize stress disorders?

a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event

what is the disorder when symptoms begin within 4 weeks of traumatic event and lass for less than a month

acute stress disorder

when was it recognized that acute stress during combat could result in psychological symptoms after combat?

after the Vietnam war

which part of the brain causes emotional reactions?

amygdala

____________ medications are used to treat the symptoms related to PTSD

antidepressant

what is PTSD treatment for vets?

antidepressant drugs, cognitive-behavioral therapy, couple or family therapy and group therapy

those people most likely to develop stress disorders are:

anxious and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them

which factor during childhood has NOT been shown to increase a person's likelihood of developing a stress disorder after experiencing a trauma later in life?

being required to "work" for an allowance

individuals experiencing dissociative amnesia sometimes are given sodium amobarbital or sodium pentobarbital because those drugs:

calm people and reduce their inhibitions

what is the psychodynamic view for dissociative amnesia and DID

caused by repression

in the face of fear, a person is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted view of the world. This person is showing which fear response?

cognitive

Max experienced a dissociative fugue for 2 weeks. Upon "waking" from this state, a common immediate reaction is:

confusion

which is the most accurate statement about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing in the after math of a disaster

debriefing can have negative effects on some victims

an individual has been diagnosed with a dissociative disorder. However, the individual has very good recall of previous life events and has a strong sense of self. The most likely diagnosis for this individual is:

depersonalization disorder

Luis feels like he is floating and like his head is smaller than usual. He also sees his girlfriend moving as if she were a robot. Luis is most likely experiencing

depersonalization-derealization disorder

feel they are unattached from their own mental processes or bodies

depersonalization-derealization disorder

unable to recall important personal events and information

dissociative amnesia

which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity and even a separation of one part of the identity from another

dissociative disorder

forget identity and past life and flee to a different location

dissociative fugue

this disorder involves a person traveling to a new location and assuming a new identity, simultaneously forgetting his or her past

dissociative fugue

an individual who formerly knew how to speak a foreign language and play a musical instrument can no longer remember how to do so as a result of a dissociative disorder. The dissociative disorder most likely present is

dissociative identity

one distinction that DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and PTSD is based on the:

duration of anxiety symptoms

mason is receiving therapy for DID. At which stage would the family therapy most likely be included as part of therapy?

early on when the therapist is trying to help the client recognize the nature of the disorder

which research finding supports the idea that individuals may inherit a predisposition to PTSD

elevated cortisol level in babies born to women who were pregnant during 9/11

what chemicals are released from the adrenal medulla?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

in the psychodynamic view, dissociative identity disorder is thought to result from a lifetime of:

excessive repression

trevor has PTSD and reports symptoms of derealization. He is:

experiencing reduced responsiveness

clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner from side to side while flooding their minds with images of the objects and situations they avoid

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

which best describes someone experiencing derealization?

feels as if the world has changed and become strange and surreal

the individuals who are most likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are:

female or low-income individuals

in the treatment of dissociative amnesia, sodium amobarbital and sodium pentobarbital work by:

freeing people from their inhibitions, thus allowing them to recall unpleasant events

this is the final merging of two or more sub personalities in multiple personality disorder

fusion

Gwen is held up at knife point, and her young son is kidnapped. Eventually her son is found and returned. However, Gwen is unable to recall events that occurred since the attack, although she remembers some new experiences; worse still, she finds that she is forgetting events that occurred even before the attack. This is a classic example of:

generalized amnesia

which part of the brain forms memories and regulates stress hormones

hippocampus

the features of arousal and fear are set in motion by the brain area called the:

hypothalamus

which part of the brain causes arousal

hypothalamus

critical incident stress debriefing is intended to take place:

immediately after a trauma and continue short term

which is typical of PTSD

increased arousal, anxiety and guilt

after a major earthquake, television coverage showed survivors shuffling confusedly through the ruined buildings. If such victims could not remember the days immediately after the earthquake, the victims would be suffering from which type of amnesia?

localized

the most common type of dissociative amnesia is:

localized amnesia

key to our sense of identity is our:

memory

the usual goal of therapy for DID is to:

merge sub personalities into a single identity

a client receiving treatment for identity disorder is progressing well through therapy. Then, fusion occurs. Most likely, the client has:

merged the final 2 or more subpersonalities

Alexis has DID when one of her personalities, Jodi, is asked about another one, Tom, she claims ignorance. Tom has never heard of Jodi either. This is called a:

mutually amnesic relationship

Troy htas DID, all of his sub personalities talk about and tattle on each other. This is an example of a:

mutually cognizant pattern

investigators have shown the traumatic events are related to abnormal activity of the neurotransmitter:

norepinephrine

which is the best example of sub personalities in dissociative identity disorder differing in identifying features?

one personality is woman and the other is man

memory problems that do not interfere with daily living are referred to as:

peculiarities of memory

opponents of the repressed memory concepts believe that:

people may respond to techniques like hypnosis by unconsciously forming false memories

a student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to speak in class is experiencing a _________ response to stress

physical

when we are faced with stressors, the hypothalamus signals the _________ gland to secrete ACTH

pituitary

a friend says, "I know someone who is a combat veteran who was just diagnosed with PTSD. Do you think therapy will help this person?" which is the best answer

probably. about 2/3 of those receiving therapy for PTSD eventually show improvement

victims talk extensively about their feelings and reactions within days of the critical incident

psychological debriefing

combat veterans in a therapy group express a great deal of guilt and rage. most likely, the veterans are in a

rap group

which statement about long-term effects of rape on women is most accurate

rape victims are significantly more likely to abuse alcohol or drugs

psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative amnesias and fugues result from:

repression

dissociative amnesia treatment for psychodynamic

search patients' unconscious: hypnotic and drug therapy

_________ amnesia involves the individual remembering some, but not all events that occurred during a period of time

selective

after Caroline's plane crash that she survived, her mother came to stay with her. her friends visited often and went to eat with her occasionally. This probably helped with her coping ability after the accident. How does this relate as a factor in her response to stress?

social support

what is the cognitive behavioral view of dissociative amnesia and DID

state dependent learning, if you learn something in certain conditions you are likely to remember it in the same conditions

a person who copes well with a happy event in life is showing a positive

stress response

poor health is best described as a

stressor

events that create demands, like weddings, earthquakes and being stuck in rush hour traffic are called:

stressors

if a deer jumps in front of your car while you are driving, the stress response that is initially activated is the:

sympathetic nervous system

in response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goosebumps and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the:

sympathetic nervous system

Norepinephrine is to _______ as corticosteroid is to ________

sympathetic pathway; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway

kelly was in a passenger plane. He watched all 4 engines quit at once and saw the plane explode. He was severely injured. When he regained consciousness several weeks later, he had a stress reaction that lasted years and could never fly again. The factor that probably most contributed to his extreme post traumatic stress reaction was:

the severity of the trauma

according to developmental psychopathologists, why do children tend to fare worse than adults when faced with an extreme stressor for the first time?

their stress pathways and circuits are not fully developed

what do acute and ptsd have in common with dissociative disorders?

they are triggered by traumatic events

which statement is true regarding dissociative fugues

they end very abruptly

DID is ____ to be diagnosed in a woman compared with a man

three times more likely

people with low incomes are ______ as likely as people with higher incomes to experience one of the stress disorders

twice

women are approximately ________ as likely as men to develop stress disorders

twice

if you studied for this exam while you were unusually happy, you will probably do best taking it when you are:

unusually happy