Chapter 6

A person's ethnic identity Multiple choice question. is rarely associated with cultural characteristics. tends to be most important in smaller-scale, less complex societies. may change in intensity. is usually an achieved status.

may change in intensity.

A person's ethnic identity Multiple choice question. tends to be most important in smaller-scale, less complex societies. is rarely associated with cultural characteristics. is usually an achieved status. may change in intensity.

may change in intensity.

What is the name for the chemical substance in the skin that determines skin color? Multiple choice question. melanin insulin melatonin seratonin

melanin

Assimilation in Japan is Multiple choice question. generally discouraged. actively encouraged. an integral part of Japanese history. seen as part of attaining higher status.

generally discouraged.

Which of the following refers a to rule that automatically places the children of mixed parents in the group of the minority parent? Multiple choice question. ethnic intent hypodescent majoritarianism matrilinealality

hypodescent

Which of the following are problems with basing racial classifications on a combination of physical traits? Multiple select question. Geographical isolation is needed to accurately classify race. The amount that heredity contributes to phenotypical traits is often unclear. Physical features do not go together in a coherent and consistent bundle. It is more accurate to base racial classifications on a single trait.

The amount that heredity contributes to phenotypical traits is often unclear. Physical features do not go together in a coherent and consistent bundle.

Which best explains why Brazilian and U.S. cultures came to view racial status differently? Multiple choice question. The native population in Brazil was more hostile than the native population in the U.S. Female settlers in the U.S. pushed for segregation. The demographic characteristics of the settlers of the two countries were different. Male settlers in Brazil preferred to mate with members of the indigenous population rather than with Africans or Europeans.

The demographic characteristics of the settlers of the two countries were different.

The belief that a (perceived) racial difference is a sufficient reason to value one person less than another is known as ______ racism and is pervasive in Japan. Multiple choice question. visible intrinsic extreme pure

intrinsic

As of what year did minorities account for more than half of all births in the US? Multiple choice question. 1984 2017 1999 2011

2011

In a 2012 study, what percentage of American Hispanics preferred to identify using their family's country of origin rather than Hispanic or Latino? Multiple choice question. 90 percent 50 percent 5 percent 10 percent

50 percent

Which of the following best explains why people living in the tropics had dark skin? Multiple choice question. Excessive intake of vitamin D supplements was common in the tropics and damaged the skin's reaction to the sun. Dark skin was a result of sunbathing without sunscreen. People in the tropics produced very little melanin. Dark skin screened out ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

Dark skin screened out ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

Which of the following is most likely to develop rickets and osteoporosis? Multiple choice question. Swedish royal family, because of excessive inbreeding dark-skinned person in the African tropics East Asian in the northern U.K. Inuit with traditional diets

East Asian in the northern U.K.

Which of the following statements is true about the ethnic groups of the United States? Multiple choice question. There are more African Americans than Hispanics in the United States. In 2014, most schoolchildren were non-Hispanic whites. The percentage of the population that belongs to a minority has been shrinking. In 2011, minority births accounted for more than half of all U.S. births.

In 2011, minority births accounted for more than half of all U.S. births.

How does the Canadian census treat race? Multiple choice question. It asks about "invisible minorities." It asks about "visible minorities." It distinguishes between "white" and "non-white" only. Canada does not have a census.

It asks about "visible minorities."

Which of the following statements about multiculturalism are true? Multiple select question. It encourages the practice of cultural-ethnic traditions. It views cultural diversity as valuable but not worth maintaining. It expects minorities to replace their cultural traditions with those of the majority population. It socializes individuals into both the dominant culture and an ethnic culture.

It encourages the practice of cultural-ethnic traditions. It socializes individuals into both the dominant culture and an ethnic culture.

A nation, or state, has which of the following characteristics? Multiple select question. It is independent. It is centrally organized. Its citizens all speak the same language. It is a political unit or government.

It is independent. It is centrally organized. It is a political unit or government.

Which of the following best explains what is suggested by the tripling of the "some other race" choice in the U.S. Census between 1980 and 2010? Multiple choice question. It would not have occurred in the absence of massive immigration. It suggests dissatisfaction with the existing categories. It suggests people were not filling out the census forms correctly. It suggests strict adherence to the hypodescent rule.

It suggests dissatisfaction with the existing categories.

Which is true of the traditional racial classification system used in Brazil? Multiple choice question. Once a racial label is determined, it cannot change. It recognizes only two races. It tries to describe the physical variation that exists within the population. Race is assigned automatically using the hypodescent rule.

It tries to describe the physical variation that exists within the population.

Which of the following statements about Japanese attitudes regarding race are true? Multiple select question. Japanese value "pure" Japanese. Japanese do not define or identify race. Japan is an ethnically mixed nation that values heterogeneity. Racial attitudes reflect intrinsic racism.

Japanese value "pure" Japanese. Racial attitudes reflect intrinsic racism.

Which statement about the populations of nation-states is true? Multiple choice question. Nation-states with a majority white population were historically more heterogeneous than others. The oldest nation-states are more homogeneous than newer ones. Most nation-states are ethnically homogeneous. Most nation-states are not ethnically homogeneous.

Most nation-states are not ethnically homogeneous.

Which statement about the populations of nation-states is true? Multiple choice question. The oldest nation-states are more homogeneous than newer ones. Most nation-states are not ethnically homogeneous. Most nation-states are ethnically homogeneous. Nation-states with a majority white population were historically more heterogeneous than others.

Most nation-states are not ethnically homogeneous.

Which of the following statements about racial attitudes in Japan are true? Multiple select question. Segregation of burakumin from majority Japanese has been encouraged. The Japanese define themselves by opposition to others. Anyone who is "not us" is looked down upon. Assimilation by minority groups or outsiders is encouraged.

Segregation of burakumin from majority Japanese has been encouraged. The Japanese define themselves by opposition to others. Anyone who is "not us" is looked down upon.

Early settlers of the United States came as men, women, and families, but the early settlers of Brazil came mostly as men. How did this impact racial classification? Multiple choice question. Early female settlers of the United States created a classification system based on skin color. The U.S. classification system is more feminine than that of Brazil. Settlers of Brazil married indigenous and African women and had racially mixed children. Settlers of the United States were more likely to intermarry with native populations and have racially mixed children.

Settlers of Brazil married indigenous and African women and had racially mixed children.

Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein was _____, a sect he favored while fostering discrimination against others. Multiple choice question. Druze Alawite Sunni Muslim Shiite Muslim

Sunni Muslim

Which of the following statements about race in Brazil is NOT true? Multiple choice question. Brazilians can change their racial classification by changing their manner of dress. Changing behavior and dress can lead to a change in race. The ability to shift one's racial/ethnic classification is exclusive to Brazil. An indio is an indigenous, Native American, and it is one racial label used in Brazil.

The ability to shift one's racial/ethnic classification is exclusive to Brazil.

Which of the following best explains why tropical populations in the Americas don't have very dark skin? Multiple choice question. Tropical regions in the Americas are not nearly as hot or exposed to direct UV as the tropics of Africa. As Africans migrated to the Americas, biological adaptations lightened their skin color. The settlement of the Americas by light-skinned Asian ancestors of Native Americans was relatively recent. Tropical populations in the Americas tended to stay indoors more than populations in the tropics of Africa.

The settlement of the Americas by light-skinned Asian ancestors of Native Americans was relatively recent.

Why have scientists largely abandoned the tripartite scheme of three great races? Multiple choice question. The tripartite scheme is overly simplistic. The tripartite scheme was only relevant when America was not a great power. These races are no longer as great as they used to be. There are more races now than when the tripartite scheme was commonly used.

The tripartite scheme is overly simplistic.

Why have scientists largely abandoned the tripartite scheme of three great races? Multiple choice question. The tripartite scheme is overly simplistic. These races are no longer as great as they used to be. The tripartite scheme was only relevant when America was not a great power. There are more races now than when the tripartite scheme was commonly used.

The tripartite scheme is overly simplistic.

The fact that Eskimos are not as pale as one might expect for people who would benefit from pale skin (to maximize their UV absorption and vitamin D) is an example of how Multiple choice question. a cultural can help overcome a disadvantageous biological trait. population migrations are far less important, genetically, than other factors in biological adaptation. diet can have a negative effect on biological adaptation. melanin production is an outlier for those who study biological adaptation.

a cultural can help overcome a disadvantageous biological trait.

A society with economically interdependent ethnic groups is known as Multiple choice question. a nationality. a colony. an assimilated society. a plural society.

a plural society.

Classifying people as of a certain race because they have a parent or a grandparent of that race is Multiple choice question. flawed, because racial makeup requires both parents to be of the same race. a rule of descent. logically consistent. not a feature of American (U.S.) racial classification.

a rule of descent.

The long-term foreign domination of a territory and its people is known as .

colonialism

By blocking UV, _____ help(s) conserve folate, offering protection against neural tube disorders (NTDs). Multiple choice question. microbes iron B vitamins melanin

melanin

Which of the following have been major factors in determining why many nationalities have been split up and placed in different nation-states? Multiple select question. political upheaval anticolonialism migration wars

political upheaval migration wars

Which of the following is a cultural alternative that permits a dark-skinned person to live effectively in a cold, northern climate? Multiple choice question. take folic acid take vitamin D supplements eat a diet rich in beef use sunscreen daily

take vitamin D supplements

Countries with no ethnic majority are routinely found in _____, where it is the norm. Multiple choice question. Africa. the Far East. the Middle East. Oceania.

Africa.

Hereditary makeup is known as , whereas is defined as expressed or manifest physical characteristics.

Blank 1: genotype or genotypes Blank 2: phenotype or phenotypes

Which of the following statements about the effects of stratification on the burakumin in Japan are true? Multiple select question. Burakumin who are successful in certain occupations reserved for the burakumin can be wealthy. Burakumin can and have found jobs as government bureaucrats. Financially successful burakumin can move, but they cannot move beyond the boundaries of their buraku. Even financially successful burakumin are not allowed to travel internationally.

Burakumin who are successful in certain occupations reserved for the burakumin can be wealthy. Burakumin can and have found jobs as government bureaucrats.

Which of the following statements about Canada's visible minority population are true? Multiple select question. The visible minority population is growing more slowly than Canada's overall population. Canada's largest visible minority groups are South Asian and Chinese. It has been increasing steadily. Canada's largest visible minority group is African Americans.

Canada's largest visible minority groups are South Asian and Chinese. It has been increasing steadily.

Based on skin color, which of the following would likely have the lowest incidence of folate deficiency? Multiple choice question. Ethiopians Japanese Swedes Russians

Ethiopians

Which of the following statements regarding assimilation are true? Multiple select question. Ethnic groups can be in contact for generations in peaceful coexistence. Assimilation is not inevitable. Ethnic harmony cannot exist without assimilation. Assimilation is inevitable.

Ethnic groups can be in contact for generations in peaceful coexistence. Assimilation is not inevitable.

means identification with, and feeling part of, an ethnic group and exclusion from certain other groups because of this affiliation. (Watch your spelling.)

Ethnicity

True or false: Scientists have determined that using a combination of physical traits is a much more accurate approach to racial classification. True false question. True False

False

Which of the following statements about multiculturalism are true? Multiple select question. It understands that ethnic groups are diverse and will likely not be able to interact. It recognizes that for everyone to get along, they must all speak the same language. It assumes each ethnic group has something to contribute to the country. It stresses respect for differences rather than sameness.

It assumes each ethnic group has something to contribute to the country. It stresses respect for differences rather than sameness.

Which of the following statements are true regarding typical skin color in various geographical regions? Multiple select question. It is lighter south of the tropics than in the tropics. It is darker in southern Europe than in northern Europe. It is lighter in southern Europe than in the Middle East. It is very dark in tropical regions of the Americas.

It is lighter south of the tropics than in the tropics. It is darker in southern Europe than in northern Europe. It is lighter in southern Europe than in the Middle East.

Which of the following statements about colonialism are true? Multiple select question. It is the foreign domination of a territory. It often erected boundaries that corresponded poorly with preexisting cultural divisions. It prevented the spread of the idea of négritude beyond Mali. It created multitribal and multiethnic states.

It is the foreign domination of a territory. It often erected boundaries that corresponded poorly with preexisting cultural divisions. It created multitribal and multiethnic states.

Which of the following are advantages to light skin color? Multiple select question. Light skin color prevents sunburn and enhances thermoregulation. Light skin color reduces disease susceptibility. Light skin color absorbs UV outside the tropics. Light skin color maximizes the body's manufacture of vitamin D.

Light skin color absorbs UV outside the tropics. Light skin color maximizes the body's manufacture of vitamin D.

Which of the following statements about ethnic diversity around the world are true? Multiple select question. Most countries have an ethnic majority group and one or more ethnic minority groups. Most countries only have one ethnic group. Some states, such as France, have actively worked to homogenize their populations. Most Latin American countries have populations that are split evenly between two ethnic groups.

Most countries have an ethnic majority group and one or more ethnic minority groups. Some states, such as France, have actively worked to homogenize their populations.

Which of the following groups have opposed the addition of a "multiracial" category to the U.S. Census? Multiple select question. Republican Party National Council of La Raza Democratic Socialists National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

National Council of La Raza National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Some scientists have classified the San ("Bushmen") of the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa as Asians because of their "yellow" skin. Why is this a problem? Multiple choice question. San are closer genetically to Caucasoids than they are to Asians. Asians severed ties with their African counterparts centuries ago. People of the same race should share recent common ancestry, and there is no evidence of this between the San and Asians. As hunter-gatherers, the San must be more closely related to Native Australians.

People of the same race should share recent common ancestry, and there is no evidence of this between the San and Asians.

Which of the following statements about assimilation are true? Multiple select question. Some countries are more assimilationist than others. The minority adopts the patterns and norms of the host culture. The minority adopts the patterns and norms of the host culture but not the language. The minority maintains its minority culture through segregation.

Some countries are more assimilationist than others. The minority adopts the patterns and norms of the host culture.

Which of the following statements about assimilation are true? Multiple select question. The minority adopts the patterns and norms of the host culture. The minority maintains its minority culture through segregation. Some countries are more assimilationist than others. The minority adopts the patterns and norms of the host culture but not the language.

The minority adopts the patterns and norms of the host culture. Some countries are more assimilationist than others.

Which of the following statements about Brazil and race are true? Multiple select question. In Brazil, race is an ascribed status. The people of Brazil use multiple racial terms. In Brazil, racial identity can be an achieved status. The people of Brazil use the hypodescent rule to classify race.

The people of Brazil use multiple racial terms. In Brazil, racial identity can be an achieved status.

Which of the following statements about Brazil and race are true? Multiple select question. The people of Brazil use multiple racial terms. The people of Brazil use the hypodescent rule to classify race. In Brazil, race is an ascribed status. In Brazil, racial identity can be an achieved status.

The people of Brazil use multiple racial terms. In Brazil, racial identity can be an achieved status.

Which of the following statements about the census option of identifying oneself as belonging to more than one race are true? Multiple select question. The percentage who selected this option increased between 2000 and 2010. The percentage who selected this option decreased between 2000 and 2010. The option first appeared on the 2000 census. The option was designed for adopted individuals who had no information about their biological parents.

The percentage who selected this option increased between 2000 and 2010. The option first appeared on the 2000 census.

Which of the following explain why the Inuit have dark skin rather than the expected pale skin? Multiple select question. Their skin color is adaptive because it stands out in the snow. Their traditional, high-fish diet provides sufficient vitamin D, making a reduction in pigmentation unnecessary. They haven't inhabited the region very long in terms of geological time. They spend a lot of time outdoors, where the sun is bright and causes them to tan.

Their traditional, high-fish diet provides sufficient vitamin D, making a reduction in pigmentation unnecessary. They haven't inhabited the region very long in terms of geological time.

Which of the following statements about ethnic diversity across the globe are true? Multiple select question. There is substantial regional variation in countries' ethnic structures. Countries with no ethnic majority are the norm in Africa. About 70% of all countries have an ethnic group that forms an absolute majority of the population. Countries with no ethnic majority are most common in Europe and Asia.

There is substantial regional variation in countries' ethnic structures. Countries with no ethnic majority are the norm in Africa. About 70% of all countries have an ethnic group that forms an absolute majority of the population.

Which of the following statements about the burakumin are true? Multiple select question. They are subject to discrimination. They are biologically different from majority Japanese. They have been residentially segregated into specific neighborhoods. They are physically indistinguishable from other Japanese.

They are subject to discrimination. They have been residentially segregated into specific neighborhoods They are physically indistinguishable from other Japanese.

In which of the following ways are burakumin discriminated against in Japan? Multiple select question. They are excluded from sports and organized crime. They are not allowed near cattle products, such as beef and leather. They are treated as social outcasts by majority Japanese. Schools and companies discriminate against burakumin by identifying them through their addresses.

They are treated as social outcasts by majority Japanese. Schools and companies discriminate against burakumin by identifying them through their addresses.

Why do organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the National Council of La Raza oppose the addition of a "multiracial" category to the US Census? Multiple choice question. The fear the loss of shared history. They fear the loss of languages and dialects. They fear the loss of cultural identity. They fear the loss of political clout.

They fear the loss of political clout.

An unarmed young black man named _____ was shot and killed, and the shooter was acquitted. This acquittal sparked the Black Lives Matter movement. Multiple choice question. Michael Brown Amadou Diallo Trayvon Martin Eric Garner

Trayvon Martin

A Hispanic person can be of any race. True false question. True False

True

True or false: Members of an ethnic group define themselves as different and special because of cultural features. True false question. True False

True

Ethnic differences can lead to conflict and violence for which of the following reasons? Multiple select question. ethnic differences are inevitably associated with conflict a sense of injustice because of resource distribution reaction to discrimination or prejudice economic or political competition

a sense of injustice because of resource distribution reaction to discrimination or prejudice economic or political competition

Physician, convicted felon, and union member are all examples of Multiple choice question. assigned statuses. achieved statuses. ascribed statuses. ethnic identities.

achieved statuses.

Ethnicity exists when people identify with, and feel part of, a certain ethnic group and Multiple choice question. live within a certain region or country. are persecuted because of that claim. have distinct, unifying physical characteristics, such as skin color. are excluded from certain other groups because of this affiliation.

are excluded from certain other groups because of this affiliation.

The absorption of minorities within a dominant culture is known as Multiple choice question. assimilation. colonialism. stratification. nationalism.

assimilation.

Recent expressions of ethno-nationalism in the United States include advocating Multiple select question. the acceptance of larger numbers of refugees. bans on the admission of Muslims. the deportation of undocumented immigrants. an increase in the number of legal immigrants.

bans on the admission of Muslims. the deportation of undocumented immigrants.

A race is an ethnic group Multiple choice question. believed to have a biological basis. with clearly marked physical characteristics. that goes unrecognized. with a common culture.

believed to have a biological basis.

In which of the following ways can a Brazilian change his or her "race"? Multiple select question. by changing language by changing behavior by adhering to hypodescent by changing location

by changing language by changing behavior by changing location

Ethnic groups who are in contact for generations without assimilating Multiple choice question. are almost always in conflict. can live in peaceful coexistence. usually harbor hostility, even if it doesn't erupt into conflict. are almost never found in today's society.

can live in peaceful coexistence.

Ethnic groups who are in contact for generations without assimilating Multiple choice question. are almost never found in today's society. usually harbor hostility, even if it doesn't erupt into conflict. are almost always in conflict. can live in peaceful coexistence.

can live in peaceful coexistence.

Your skin has natural sunscreen properties in the tropics but reduced UV absorption outside the tropics, leaving you susceptible to developing rickets or osteoporosis. You have ______ skin color. Multiple choice question. light dark yellow

dark

Apartheid in South Africa exemplified which of the following? Multiple choice question. a plural society de jure discrimination de facto discrimination assimilation

de jure discrimination

According to Fredrik Barth, a plural society is most successful when the ethnic groups do which of the following? Multiple select question. depend on one another's activities occupy different ecological niches compete with one another trade with one another

depend on one another's activities occupy different ecological niches trade with one another

Most of Donald Trump's rivals for the 2016 Republican nomination joined him in urging Multiple choice question. a ban on entry of Muslims to the United States. no more use of the expression "radical Islam." deportation of undocumented immigrants. caution in using insensitive language that might offend people.

deportation of undocumented immigrants.

When an ethnic group perceives prejudice by another group, or by society as a whole, and its members react, the result is often Multiple choice question. ethnic conflict. withdrawal. pluralism. multiculturalism.

ethnic conflict.

When an ethnic group perceives prejudice by another group, or by society as a whole, and its members react, the result is often Multiple choice question. multiculturalism. pluralism. ethnic conflict. withdrawal.

ethnic conflict.

When a dominant group tries to destroy the cultures of certain ethnic groups, this is known as Multiple choice question. ethnocide. cultural appropriation. genocide. cultural colonialism.

ethnocide.

The view of cultural diversity as valuable and worth maintaining is called Multiple choice question. ethnocentrism. immigration. multiculturalism. assimilation.

multiculturalism.

The term that was once synonymous with tribe or ethnic group and that refers to single culture sharing a single language, religion, history, territory, ancestry, and kinship is Multiple choice question. nation. state. race. nation-state.

nation.

Ethnic groups that once had, or wish to have or regain, autonomous political status (their own country) are called Multiple choice question. states. tribes. minorities. nationalities.

nationalities.

Which of the following plays a key role in determining human biological diversity? Multiple choice question. racial classification haplogroup regression natural selection Lamarckian selection

natural selection

Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence. The process by which the forms that are fittest to survive and reproduce in a given environment do so is known as , and it plays a key role in the explanatory approach to understanding human biological diversity. (Watch your spelling!)

natural, selection

Junko has olive skin and long, shiny, black hair. Her eyes are brown and almond shaped. These characteristics describe Junko's Multiple choice question. phenotype. homogeneity. biological race. genotype.

phenotype.

Suzy is a barista at a coffee shop. She sees an Asian customer approaching the counter and calls to her Asian coworker to help the customer because Suzy assumes the customer will speak poor, broken English and be very demanding without leaving a tip. What is Suzy guilty of? Multiple choice question. colonialism assimilation prejudice discrimination

prejudice

Looking down on or devaluing a group because of its assumed behavior, values, capabilities, or attributes is known as Multiple choice question. discrimination. ethnic conflict. segregation. prejudice.

prejudice.

Which of the following played a crucial role in the growth of Western European nationalism in the eighteenth century? Multiple select question. print spoken language farming practices négritude

print spoken language

A dark-skinned person in a cold, northern climate has a higher risk (than a light-skinned person) of developing ______ (a condition that softens and deforms the bones) due to a vitamin D deficiency. Multiple choice question. skin cancer smallpox rickets spina bifida

rickets

Which of the following are reasons for the North American shift from assimilation toward multiculturalism? Multiple select question. overall population decline in North America rising immigration to North America a shift in the core curriculum used in North American school systems large-scale migration to North America from less developed countries

rising immigration to North America large-scale migration to North America from less developed countries

An independent, centrally organized political unit, or a government, is known as a(n) Multiple choice question. tribe. state. nation. ethnic colony.

state.

Which of the following terms refers to any position that someone occupies in society regardless of that person's prestige? Multiple choice question. race genotype ethnicity status

status

Which of the following are cultural alternatives that permit a light-skinned person to live effectively in a tropical environment? Multiple select question. take vitamin D supplements drink less water stay indoors use sunscreen

stay indoors use sunscreen

Like African Americans in the US, the burakumin of Japan are internally

stratified

The nations of Iraq and Syria each contain Multiple select question. Alawites—allied with the Sunnis and Kurds. a southeast Asian minority population. substantial Muslim populations of Shiites, Sunnis, and Kurds. various ethno-religious minorities.

substantial Muslim populations of Shiites, Sunnis, and Kurds. various ethno-religious minorities.

The Black Lives Matter movement began in response to Multiple select question. the mass shooting in a movie theater in Colorado. the shooting of an unarmed black teenager in Florida. a series of demonstrations by the Ku Klux Klan. indifference by some officials to the lives of black citizens.

the shooting of an unarmed black teenager in Florida. indifference by some officials to the lives of black citizens.

When a person employs different identities in different circumstances, such as at home or on the job, it is known as Multiple choice question. mutually occurring identities. the situational negotiation of social identity. the simultaneous negotiation of mutually exclusive statuses. ethnic diversity.

the situational negotiation of social identity.

Members of an ethnic group share which of the following? Multiple select question. values beliefs call systems habits

values beliefs habits