Chapter 6

oxidized LDL

Damaged by "free radicals" and contributes to the buildup of plaque in arteries

Micelle

Lipid-rich particle that is surrounded by bile salts, which helps transport lipids to absorptive cells.

VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)

Made by the liver and released into the bloodstream; carries mostly triglyceride

Match the fat/oil with its leading fatty acid component. Use each choice only once.

Saturated Fat 1. Beef fat 2. Palm Oil 3. Coconut Oil Monounsaturated Fat 1. Olive Oil 2. Canola Oil 3. Peanut Oil 4. Pork fat 5. Chicken Fat Polyunsaturated fat 1. Safflower Oil 2. Corn Oil 3. Sunflower Oil

Monoglyceride

Single fatty acid attached to a glycerol backbone.

Which of the following substances is a fatty acid that has no double bonds in its carbon chain? (Check all that apply.)

Stearic Acid

LDL (low density lipoprotein)

Transports cholesterol to tissues

Because she's pregnant, Regina is interested in eating more foods that contain high amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Which of the following foods is an excellent source of EPA and DHA?

Tuna Casserole

Chylomicron

Type of lipoprotein that is formed in the absorptive cells.

Regina is a 22-year-old college student who wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines' recommendations concerning the intake of trans fat. Therefore, Regina should ______.

keep her trans fat intake as low as possible while following a healthy diet

A saturated fatty acid differs from an unsaturated fatty acid. In a saturated fatty acid, _______.

each carbon within the chain is completely filled with hydrogen atoms

A monounsaturated fatty acid differs from a saturated fatty acid. In a monounsaturated fatty acid, _______.

there is one double bond in the carbon chain

According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total daily caloric intake. If you consume 1800 kcal per day, you should limit your saturated fat intake to fewer than ______ grams of saturated fat per day.

20

According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total daily caloric intake. If you consume 2800 kcal per day, you should limit your saturated fat intake to fewer than _______ kcal per day.

280

If your total caloric intake is 2100 kcal per day, your range of fat intake (kcal) would be _____ kcal per day, according to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR).

420-735

A lipase _________.

Digest fats

When Austin tried to make pancakes, he kept stirring the ingredients, but they separated into oily and watery portions. His pancake ingredients were whole-wheat flour, milk, canola oil, and a little cinnamon and sugar. Which of the following ingredients could he add to keep the other ingredients from separating after they're stirred together?

Eggs

Lipase

Enzyme that breaks down lipids.

Egg whites contain cholesterol, which makes them an excellent emulsifier, when added to dry ingredients.

False

Chylomicron

Formed by absorptive cells of the small intestine

Lipoprotein

General name for a structure that transports lipids in the body.

Determine whether each characteristic places a person at risk or not at risk for cardiovascular disease.

Risk factor 1. HDL cholesterol = 31mg/dL 2. Elevated C- reactive protein ( CRP ) Levels 3. Smoking 4. Inactivity 5. Consistant blood pressure values of over 130/80 mm Hg NOT 1. LDL cholesteral = 89 2. Blood triglyceride levels of 130 mg/dl

Match the fat/oil with its leading fatty acid component. Use each choice only once.

Saturated fat 1. Beef Fat 2. Butter Monosaturated 1. Olive Oil 2. Canola Oil Polyunsaturated 1. Safflower Oil 2. Grapeseed Oil

Lipids play very important roles in your body. Which of the following statements is true? (Check all that apply.)

1. Body fat helps insulate the body against cold temperatures. 2. Certain fatty acids help regulate inflammation. 3. Body fat cushions the body against injuries from blows and falls. 4. Essential fatty acids are needed for proper growth and skin health.

Put the fats and oils in order from the one that contains the greatest percentage of saturated fatty acids (1) to the one that contains the lowest percentage of saturated fatty acids (5).

1. Cocoa Butter 2. Butter 3. Chicken Fat 4. Olive Oil 5. Canola Oil

identify foods that are good sources of essential fatty acids. (Check all that apply.)

1. Sunflower seeds 2. Corn Oil 3. Salmon

HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)

Often called the "good cholesterol" because it carries cholesterol away from cells and back to the liver for processing and elimination

Regina is concerned that her dad may have a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) because his father died after having a heart attack. Her father is 52 years of age, smokes, is overweight, has Italian ancestry, is a civil engineer, and does not exercise. Which of Regina's father's personal characteristics is a CVD risk factor that's not modifiable? (Check all that apply.)

1. Family history of cardiovascular disease 2. Age

Match the description of what happens during lipid digestion to its appropriate organ on the diagram; roll over the labels to reveal the name of the body part. 1. Stomach 2. Pancreas 3. Gallbladder 4. Small Intestine

1. Little digestion occurs in this organ. 2. This organ releases enzymes (lipases) that digest fats and phospholipids. 3. Releases bile containing bile salts into the chyme, emulsifying the lipids. 4. In this organ, absorptive cells remove monoglycerides, fatty acids, glycerol, and cholesterol from chyme.

Which of the following substances is a fatty acid that has at least one double bond in its carbon chain? (Check all that apply.) Check All That Apply

1. Oleic acid 2. Arachidonic acid 3. Alpha-linolenic acid

Indicate which of the following conditions are signs of an essential fatty acid deficiency. (Check all that apply.)

1. Poor wound healing 2. Poor growth during infancy 3. Hair loss

Put the fats in order from the one that contains the greatest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (1) to the one that contains the lowest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (5).

1. Safflower Oil 2. Coil Oil 3. Peanut Oil 4. Lard (pork fat) 5. Beef Fat

Atherosclerosis contributes to cardiovascular disease by _______. (Check all that apply.)

1. slowing blood flow through the arteries and allowing clots to form 2. forming plaque in the arteries that supply the heart