chapter 6 deaf identities

Individual level: Uniqueness

-Genetic endowment -Nonshared experiences

Social Activity Scale

451 mainstreamed Deaf high school students, 37 were comfortable with both Deaf and hearing peers, 30 were mostly comfortable with both Deaf and hearing peers, 12 were more comfortable with hearing peers, 20 didnt feel comfortable with either group

Stages of development

Stage 1 culturally hearing, stage 2 marginal, stage 3 immersion, stage 4 bicultural

Stage 3: Immersion

There is enthusiastic embrace of everything Deaf. Deaf culture is the best. hearing culture is rejected.

Universal Level: Homo Sapiens

ability to use symbiosis, common life experience, biological and physical similarities, and self- awareness.

Blacks...

are oart of America but claim an African heritage, and there are also Blacks from Caribbean area and Africans from Africa who have to adjust to Deaf culture in US.

Native Americans and indigenous people

are part of many different tribes

Tajfel 1981- social identity theory

believed that a person who is a member of a minority- who is not comfortable with their minority status, s/he will not join the minority group

Glickman 1996

believes that Deaf people are a minority group and share life experiences and oppression just like a member of a minority group. He adapted the Racial/Cultural identity Development Model for a new Deaf identity Development framework.

Different modes of identity by Deaf individuals

big "D" deaf (which refers to Deaf cultural pride) or little d deaf, some may call themselves hard of hearing or hearing impaired.

Arabs

come from Iraq, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Egypt, and other countries.

Deaf identification:

disabled

Identification can be more within countries of origin...

rather than Latinx, Black, Arab, or Asian Deaf communities.

Stage 1: Culturally Hearing

Being deaf is seen as a medical problem to be fixed. It is better to conform to how hearing people act with each other and to follow hearing culture. This means focusing on spoken language, not SL, and trying to be able to understand speech thru hearing aids and cochlear implants. There may be denial about being deaf,

Stage 1: preencounter or conformity

Believes that one should integrate into the majority culture. This means conforming to its values. Most often this means conforming to White culture values.

Stage 5: Integrative Awareness

Can appreciate oneself, feel insecure inside, and can appreciate other cultures. Recognize the strengths and problems in each culture.

Group level: Similarities and differences

Gender Socioeconomic status Age Geographic location Ethnicity Disability/ Ability Culture Religious preference Marital status Sexual orientation Race

Elisa Cimento

Growing up she was always embarrassed ab being deaf because her family could hear and she felt outta place, one summer she went to an event that had deaf pear and she no longer felt ashsamed of who she was.

Edmund Booth

In the 1800's, he met a deaf person for the first time when he entered a Deaf school at 16. On the first day he said he knew he was amongst strangers but he knew he was at home.

How do Deaf people express their identity?

Often time in conversation the word "Deaf" will come up, and they are proud of it. Culturally Deaf ppl will identify themselves as using sign language. proud of being Deaf, and live a Deaf way of life.

Stage 4: Internalization/Introspection

The minority identity is internalized and appreciated. The person now feels more comfortable about reaching out to other groups.

Stage 2: Dissonance/Encounter

The person experiences or hears about discrimination. There is realization that conforming to the majority culture is not going to work. The person starts the process of thinking differently about her or his racial/ cultural identity.

Stage 2: Marginal

The person has trouble connecting with hearing or deaf people. There is little connection with either hearing or Deaf cultures.

Stage 3: Resistance and Immersion

The person supports only the minority culture and goes against the majority culture. Racism, oppression, and discrimination are important topics. Feelings are very strong.

Stage 4: Bicultural

There is a balanced perspective about both Deaf and hearing cultures. The person can comfortably interact in both Deaf and hearing cultures. Strengths and weaknesses in both cultures are recognized.

Asians...

come from many different countries, such as Korea, Thailand, Viet Nam, Japan, Cambodia, India, and China.

identity is about...

how we describe ourselves or how others describe us. examples: Daughter, Muslin, jock, southerner, foodie, rich.

Dual identification

identify with both above

________ is something we all think about either consciously or unconsciously.

identity

Group membership

requires following different norms, behavior, and values.

Deaf identity scale

they found that deaf people who were best adjusted would be best fir the Dual identification category.

Weinberg & Sterritt 1986

used the medical model of deafness in establishing the following categories: Deaf identification, Dual identification, the deaf identitiy scale