Chapter 6 quiz

If you lived in a cave with no cues to indicate time, your circadian rhythms would gradually conform to a ____ hour day. 21 29 27 25

25

Which statement is true regarding addiction to a drug? Addiction can involve physical and/or psychological symptoms. Addiction refers to a physical but not psychological set of symptoms. Addiction refers to a psychological but not physical set of symptoms. Addiction is generally regarded as a myth among substance-use professionals.

Addiction can involve physical and/or psychological symptoms.

Shy Sherman is drinking some punch that has been spiked with alcohol. Within an hour, Sherman is talking loudly, acting silly, and telling people what he really thinks about them. Shy Sherman is acting this way because alcohol is a(n) CNS stimulating drug. hallucinogenic drug. opiate that excites the limbic system. CNS depressant drug.

CNS depressant drug.

Heidi has been using psychoactive drugs. She appears extremely alert and euphoric. She sometimes has hallucinations. Her physical and psychological dependence is moderate to high. Which category of psychoactive drugs is Heidi using? Hallucinogenic drugs CNS stimulating drugs Opiates CNS depressant drugs

CNS stimulating drugs

Which of the following individuals would make the best hypnotic subject? Carden, who very much wants to be hypnotized Julian, who believes that the hypnotist is a fraud Melisha, who is extremely intelligent Jaden, who has had very little education

Carden, who very much wants to be hypnotized

Kevin has volunteered to be a participant in a study on sleep. In studying Kevin's brain activity while he is sleeping, the researcher will most likely use a(n) ____. EEG EMG EKG MRI

EEG

Internal biological clocks interact with external stimuli, referred to by the ____. Italian term lezionadare Dutch term maalgeven German term zeitgebers French term temps-donner

German term zeitgebers

Michael wants to use hypnosis to help him swim faster. What should you tell him research reveals about hypnosis being used in this way? Hypnosis can enhance physical performance through promoting a relaxed state, but these benefits can also be realized in other ways. Hypnosis can enhance physical performance for older adults, but not for younger athletes. Hypnosis cannot enhance physical performance at all. Hypnosis creates superhuman performance potential that cannot be realized in other ways.

Hypnosis can enhance physical performance through promoting a relaxed state, but these benefits can also be realized in other ways.

Regarding hypnosis, which of the following statements is TRUE? Hypnosis was introduced by the Austrian physician Karl Zener. Hypnosis is characterized by brain wave patterns similar to sleep. Hypnosis is an altered state characterized by narrowed attention and increased openness to suggestion. Hypnosis is a sleep state in which the subjects are partially aware of their actions and able to perform many activities not normally carried out during sleep.

Hypnosis is an altered state characterized by narrowed attention and increased openness to suggestion.

Which of the following effects would you least expect to experience if you had ingested a large amount of alcohol? Increased alertness and response speed Reduced inhibitions Reduced motor coordination Memory problems

Increased alertness and response speed

Why is methadone used as a treatment for heroin addiction? It creates neither a physical, nor a psychological dependence. It creates dependence, but leads to no other negative effects for the user. It does not lead to increased tolerance and therefore leaves a larger margin of safety. It creates fewer withdrawal symptoms and a less intense high.

It creates fewer withdrawal symptoms and a less intense high.

Who would make the best hypnotic subject? Sally, who has had very little education Jerome, who very much wants to be hypnotized Carmello, who believes that the hypnotist is a fraud Nadia, who is extremely intelligent

Jerome, who very much wants to be hypnotized

Which of the following individuals is most likely experiencing REM sleep? Anisha, who just fell asleep Robert, who is sleepwalking Solange, whose EEG is dominated by very slow brain waves Mei Ling, whose body is paralyzed by her stage of sleep

Mei Ling, whose body is paralyzed by her stage of sleep

Which of the following brain imaging methods promise to improve the diagnosis of disorders of consciousness, while also shedding light on consciousness itself? CT scan and ESB ECT and TMS ablation and microelectrode PET and fMRI

PET and fMRI

Meditation is considered a distinct state of consciousness because PET and fMRI scans reveal changes in the activity of the frontal lobes of the brain. heart rates and blood pressures changes occur when a person is meditating. it requires more intense focus than waking consciousness. it produces deep relaxation.

PET and fMRI scans reveal changes in the activity of the frontal lobes of the brain.

When people are deprived of _____ sleep, they compensate for the loss directly and show a rebound effect to recover from the loss stage 2 stage 3 REM quiet

REM

Dr. Abboud strongly advises Jason and Nichelle to make sure their infant does not sleep face down on soft surfaces. She states that such a sleeping position has been highly correlated to a fatal infant disorder known as ____, even though exposure to cigarette smoke and genetic factors may also play a role DID night tremors SIDS sleep apnea

SIDS

Charlise has been diagnosed with Capgras syndrome by her physician. Which symptom is she most likely to demonstrate? She will believe that her own body no longer exists and that she is only a spirit of energy. She will feel that others are out to get her and are continually trying to take advantage of her. She will feel that there are hideous defects in her own appearance that nobody else can see. She will assume that her husband is not her real husband and has been replaced by an imposter.

She will assume that her husband is not her real husband and has been replaced by an imposter.

Which psychologist suggested that consciousness becomes both more complex and more intense as you ascend the animal kingdom? Hall Titchener Bartlett James

William James (principles of psychology)

The activation-synthesis theory says that dreams result from ____. random and meaningless chemical and neural activity in the brain a biological need to pull together and make sense of the day's activities "batch processing" of all the information gathered during the day the need to express hidden sexual and aggressive impulses

a biological need to pull together and make sense of the day's activities

Ginnie ingests a particular drug and experiences a loss of contact with reality and distorted sensory input. This drug is most likely an amphetamine. a barbiturate. an opiate. a hallucinogenic drug.

a hallucinogenic drug.

A group on the quad is advocating marijuana use to increase academic achievement. You remember reading about this in your psychology textbook and report to your friends that studies have found no relationship between marijuana usage and academic achievement. that marijuana usage causes lowered academic achievement. a negative correlation between marijuana usage and academic achievement. a positive correlation between marijuana usage and academic achievement.

a negative correlation between marijuana usage and academic achievement.

After suffering a stroke, Gayle is in a longer-term waking state in which she exhibits no signs of awareness. Gayle is exhibiting which disorder of consciousness? a coma locked-in syndrome a persistent vegetative state the state of being brain dead

a persistent vegetative state

The three most widely used psychoactive drugs in U.S. society are ____. alcohol, marijuana, and nicotine cocaine, marijuana, and heroin heroin, caffeine, and alcohol alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine

alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine

Long-distance running, listening to music, sleep, and daydreaming are just some of the everyday ways to produce simulated information processing. preconsciousness. altered states of consciousness. sensory enhancement.

altered states of consciousness.

Varying states of awareness are best monitored using ____, which provides an overall measure of brain activity. an electroencephalogram a CAT scan magnetic resonance imaging positron emission tomography

an electroencephalogram

Any repeating cycle of biological activity, such as sleep and waking cycles or changes in body temperature, is known as a(n) ASC. REM rebound. condensation. biological rhythm.

biological rhythm.

If you are hypnotized in order to achieve pain relief, you should expect that hypnosis would ____. not be very effective in reducing pain block the sensation of pain work for minor but not major pain change the perception of pain

change the perception of pain

Dr. Sanchez is a behavioral psychologist who studies learning and memory in rats. Because rats are most active at night, she asks the animal resource facility to reverse their light dark cycle to accommodate her experiments. However, the animal facility is reluctant to disrupt the rats' current ____, which lasts for "about a day." chronometric temperance circadian rhythm contrast arousal cerebrodynamic cycle

circadian rhythm

Geoff takes a highly addictive drug that activates the brain's painkilling and mood-altering systems. Geoff may have taken any of the following drugs except morphine cocaine opium heroin

cocaine

Your mental awareness of sensations and perceptions of external events as well as your self-awareness of internal events including thoughts, memories, and feelings about experiences and the self are referred to collectively as your consciousness. objective experiences. mindfulness. personality.

consciousness.

After reading about the effects of prayer or meditation in your psychology book, you decide to try it. Which of the following benefits is most likely to result from your regular practice of meditation? decreased body weight decreased anxiety increased extrasensory perception increased physical strength

decreased anxiety

Alcohol is to ____ as caffeine is to ____. stimulant; hallucinogen stimulant; opiate depressant; stimulant depressant; opiate

depressant; stimulant

Which disorder is correlated with individuals spending a greater portion of their sleeping time in REM? autism spectrum disorder obsessive compulsive disorder depression generalized anxiety disorder

depression

Which neurotransmitter activates the reward seeking system of the brain that connects the structures of the midbrain with the basal ganglia? acetylcholine norepinephrine dopamine serotonin

dopamine

Duncan is addicted to heroin and has to keep increasing his dosage to get the same effects. This effect of addiction is called drug tolerance. habituation. psychoactive dependence. psychological independence.

drug tolerance.

After switching to decaffeinated coffee, Hamid has been feeling sluggish in the mornings and has a headache in the afternoons. Hamid's symptoms seem to reflect a placebo effect an addictive personality drug withdrawal drug tolerance

drug withdrawal

If you were deprived of sleep for a couple of nights, you would most likely ____. begin to not feel tired anymore experience microsleeps until you could get a longer night's sleep suffer serious cardiovascular problems develop schizophrenia

experience microsleeps until you could get a longer night's sleep

Which of the following people is most likely experiencing REM sleep? Gene, who is paralyzed because of his stage of sleep Ace, who is sleepwalking and sleeptalking Peter, whose EEG is dominated by very slow brain waves Paul, who just fell asleep

gene, who is paralyzed because of his stage of sleep

Dr. Tran, a pediatric psychiatrist, cautions his colleagues against prescribing stimulants for long-term use to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder because of the risk of ____. suicidal thoughts ataxia growth suppression addiction

growth suppression

A person has been taking a drug regularly for an extended period and cannot seem to stop. However, she is taking the same dosage as when she began and experiences the same effects. These circumstances indicate that she has acquired a tolerance for the drug. is addicted. is physiologically dependent. is psychologically dependent.

is addicted.

Jacob is dreaming. If this is all the information that you have, you can state that Jacob probably has sleep terror disorder. is not in REM sleep. is probably in REM sleep. is definitely in REM sleep.

is probably in REM sleep.

An individual has been taking a drug regularly for an extended period of time and cannot seem to stop. However, this person is taking the same dosage of when they began and experiences the same effects each time. These circumstances indicate the person is addicted is psychologically dependent is physiologically dependent has acquired a tolerance for the drug

is psychologically dependent

Aurora talks to her therapist about a recurring dream in which she encounters a ferocious lion that has just escaped from local zoo. She works with her therapist to learn how to form a conscious awareness of the dream and to control the dream by turning the lion into a kitten. What technique is Aurora utilizing? lucid dreaming cogent dreaming autonomous dreaming directive dreaming

lucid dreaming

The definition of consciousness would contain all of the following except an awareness of external stimuli. mental processes of which people are unaware. an awareness of internal mental activity. the function and structure of cognition.

mental processes of which people are unaware.

Which of the following is the opposite of being "spaced out," that is, the opposite of having occasional moments of reduced awareness? concentrative cataplexy mindfulness anhedonia lucid dreaming

mindfulness

Psychoactive drugs achieve their effects in all of the following ways except mutating neurotransmitter receptors. mimicking neurotransmitters. altering the release of neurotransmitters. blocking neurotransmitter receptors.

mutating neurotransmitter receptors.

When we first fall asleep, we enter into ____. delta sleep REM sleep dream sleep non-REM sleep

non-REM sleep

A faith healer claims to cure cancer by asking people to become aware of their livers and to control the liver's removal of impurities from the bloodstream. You know that this is impossible because the activities of the liver occur at the __________ level. metaconscious nonconscious unconscious preconscious

nonconscious

On average, resetting your circadian rhythms when traveling takes about ____ for each hour of time change. three days one day four hours four days

one day

How do opiates compare with CNS-stimulating and CNS-depressing drugs? they all show very little physical dependence all three varieties of drug cause dreamlike fantasies and hallucinations opiates are more likely to be legal opiates depress activity in parts of the cerebral cortex and create excitation in other parts

opiates depress activity in parts of the cerebral cortex and create excitation in other parts

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is ____. the part of the brain that is left in charge when a person is hypnotized the pleasure center in the brain where most addictions arise the point through which all sensory systems send their impulses to the cortex of the brain our internal clock influencing sleep and wakefulness

our internal clock influencing sleep and wakefulness

Arianna has been drinking coffee daily for the past ten years. She says she needs the caffeine to stay awake in her classes and simply to get through the day. If she does not drink coffee on one day, she experiences severe headaches, fatigue and shakiness. Arianna is most likely _____ dependent on caffeine and is experiencing _____ physically; learned expectations psychologically; drug withdrawal psychologically; learned expectations physically; drug withdrawal

physically; drug withdrawal

In an unbelievably complicated plot too detailed to fully unfold here, someone has hypnotized a baroness to smirk and raise her left eyebrow when anyone says, "grilled cheese with Brussels sprouts." What technique has been used on the baroness? hypnotic behavioral programming posthypnotic suggestion posthypnotic amnesia age regressive hypnotherapy

posthypnotic suggestion

Dr. Taniguchi's specialty is psychopharmacology. That means that she studies abnormal behavior patterns neurotransmitter systems psychoactive drugs the interaction between nervous, endocrine and immune systems

psychoactive drugs

Mina is seeing a therapist for depression. After several sessions, Mina's therapist recommends that she undergo light therapy and take antidepressant medication. Mina likely suffers from which disorder? neurasthenia bipolar disorder seasonal affective disorder somatization disorder

seasonal affective disorder

Research indicates that marijuana use is associated with all of the following except severe withdrawal symptoms lasting impairments in reasoning and memory motor impairment reductions in creativity

severe withdrawal symptoms

Penelope crams for her psychology final by staying up all night before the exam. What is a likely consequence of Penelope's actions? she will need to rest her eyes periodically during the exam or risk temporary vision impairment she will likely perform significantly below her fullest potential because she decreased her capacity to remember material she will experience a brief surge of energy during the test followed by a prolonged energy decline after it she will have encoded more information in her memory but have difficulty in retrieving it

she will likely perform significantly below her fullest potential because she decreased her capacity to remember material

Which of the following is not a theory about why we need sleep sleep provides time for the body to restore norepinephrine sensitivity sleep provides time to process new learning sleep facilitates brain development, especially in infancy sleep provides time alone, away from social interaction

sleep provides time alone, away from social interaction

Nicotine is a ____. stimulant barbiturate hallucinogen depressant

stimulant

Nicotine is a(n) ____, whereas marijuana is a(n) ____. depressant; opiate hallucinogen; depressant stimulant; hallucinogen opiate; stimulant

stimulant; hallucinogen

The ________ test involves reading words that say one color (e.g., "green") while being printed in a different color. It has been used to demonstrate some of the effectiveness of hypnosis. Beck Stroop Rorschach Lenscher

stroop

Consciousness requires complex interactions between the cerebral cortex and the ____. hippocampus amygdala midbrain thalamus

thalamus

In one study, normal individuals and patients in a persistent vegetative state were administered a mildly painful stimulus. Only the normal individuals in this study showed activity in which area of the brain on the PET scan? midbrain thalamus somatosensory cortex frontal cortical regions

thalamus

Which part of the brain is active when a person who uses drugs weighs the "pros" and "cons" of using again? the occipital association cortices the frontal lobes the parietal lobe the corpus callosum

the frontal lobes

A definition of consciousness would contain all of the following except an awareness of external stimuli mental processes of which people are unaware the function and structure of cognition an awareness of internal mental activity

the function and structure of cognition

Marcus is currently craving a "hit" of his preferred drug and does not think he can go much longer without having some. Which area of the brain is most active when such cravings occur? the insula the basal ganglia the septum the putamen

the insula

The human infant spends about half of its sleep time in REM. What is the understanding of why this is the case? to provide adequate energy for organ maturation to reinforce behaviors and skills observed during wakefulness to reduce the stimulation that otherwise interferes with brain network pruning to provide the necessary stimulation for brain connections

to provide the necessary stimulation for brain connections

Su Fen relaxes after work by having a glass of wine. Su Fen now drinks several glasses of wine to achieve the same effect, thus demonstrating ____. intoxication withdrawal sensitization tolerance

tolerance

Your body's immune system response can be reduced ____. with just a few nights of sleep deprivation, and recovery can occur with just a few nights of normal sleep with just a few nights of sleep deprivation, but recovery will take more than a month of normal sleep only after a month or more of sleep deprivation, and recovery will occur only after a month or more of normal sleep only after a month or more of sleep deprivation, but recovery will only occur after only a few nights of normal sleep

with just a few nights of sleep deprivation, but recovery will take more than a month of normal sleep