Chapter 6 Review Questions
open and transverse
A fracture can be both __________. A. open and transverse B. greenstick and comminuted C. open and closed D. transverse and greenstick
dense, hard connective tissue
Bone tissue can be described as __________. A. cartilage B. skeletal system C. dense, hard connective tissue D. dead calcified tissue
beneath the periosteum
Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation ________. A. within the metaphysis B. in the epiphyseal plate C. in the medullary cavity D. beneath the periosteum
Epiphyseal plate
Bones grow in length due to the activity in the _________. A. periosteum B. medullary cavity C. epiphyseal plate D. perichondrium
Irregular
Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ___________ bones. A. flat B. irregular C. short D. sesamoid
vitamin D
Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if _______ is lacking. A. calcitonin B. vitamin D C. vitamin K D. fluoride
broken bone pierces the skin
In a compound fracture, ________________. A. the break occurs at an angle to the bone B. one fragment of broken bone is compressed into the other C. broken bone pierces the skin D. the broken bone does not tear the skin
lever
Long bones enable body movements by acting as a __________. A. lever B. fulcrum C. counterweight D. resistive force
tendons
Sesamoid bones are found in embedded in ______. A. muscles B. tendons C. ligaments D. joints
hole
The area of the bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking? A. canal B. fissure C. hole D. facet
Periosteum
The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bones is the _________. A. endosteum B. periosteum C. epiphysis D. diaphysis
bones and cartilage
The skeletal system is made of ___________. A. bones and cartilage B. vitreous humor C. minerals and fat D. muscles and tendons
osteoprogenitor cells
Which cells do not originate from osteogenic cells? A. osteocytes B. osteoprogenitor cells C. osteoblasts D. osteoclasts
lamellae
Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone? A. Haversian canals B. lacunae C. Haversian systems D. lamellae
osteoblasts and osteocytes
Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis? A. osteoblasts and osteocytes B. osteoblasts and osteoclasts C. osteogenic cells and osteoclasts D. osteocytes and osteoclasts
Trabeculae
Which of the following are only found in cancellous bone? A. calcium salts B. Volkmann's Canals C. canaliculi D. trabeculae
flat bones of the cranium
Which of the following bones is (are) formed by intramembranous ossification? A. ribs B. femur C. flat bones of the cranium D. metatarsals
fat stores
The diaphysis contains __________. A. fat stores B. compact bone C. spongy bone D. metaphysis
spongy
The first type of bone to form during fracture repair is ______ bone. A. lamellar B. dense C. spongy D. compact
trabecular bone
The internal and external cells are replaced by ____________. A. osteogenic cells B. osteoclasts C. hyaline cartilage D. trabecular bone
The yellow marrow in the diaphysis is exposed and damaged.
How can a fractured diaphysis release fat globules into the bloodstream? A. The bone pierces fat stores in the skin. B. The yellow marrow in the diaphysis is exposed and damaged. C. The injury triggers the body to release fat from healthy bones. D. The red marrow in the fractured bone releases fat to heal the fracture.
Nervous
When calcium levels are too high or too low, which body system is primarily affected? A. digestive B. endocrine C. skeletal D. nervous
long bone
Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton? A. short bone B. long bone C. sesamoid bone D. flat bone
cartilage
Which of the following can be found in areas of movement? A. red marrow B. hematopoiesis C. cartilage D. yellow marrow
estrogen and testosterone
Which of the following hormones are responsible for the adolescent growth spurt? A. calcitonin and calcitriol B. thyroxine and progesterone C. estrogen and testosterone D. growth hormone and parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
Which of the following is most likely to be released when blood calcium levels are elevated? A. vitamin D B. calcitonin C. thyroxine D. parathyroid hormone
hematopoiesis
Which of the following occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis? A. hematopoiesis B. bone growth C. shock absorportion D. bone remodeling
calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate? A. proliferation, reserved, maturation, calcification B. maturation, proliferation, reserved, calcification C. calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved D. calcification, reserved, proliferation, maturation
leafy green vegetables
Which one of the following foods is best for bone health? A. leafy green vegetables B. oranges C. liver D. carrots
Because it does not have a blood supply.
Why is cartilage slow to heal? A. Because it eventually develops into bone. B. Because it is semi-solid and flexible. C. Because endochondral ossification replaces all cartilage with bone. D. Because it does not have a blood supply.
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
With respect to their direct effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other? A. estrogen and progesterone B. calcitonin and calcitriol C. estrogen and testosterone D. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
make blood cells
Without red marrow, bones would not be able to _____________. A. store calcium B. move like levers C. store phosphate D. make blood cells
a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left
Wolff's law, which describes the effect of technical forces in bone modeling/remodeling, would predict that _______. A. a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left B. a broken bone will heal thicker than it was before the fracture C. a bed-ridden patient will have thicker bones than an athlete D. a right-handed cyclist will have thicker bones in her right leg compared to her left
an area of fat storage
Yellow marrow has been identified as __________. A. the hard portion of the bone B. the cause of kyphosis C. a point of attachment D. an area of fat storage