Chapter 6 Review Questions

open and transverse

A fracture can be both __________. A. open and transverse B. greenstick and comminuted C. open and closed D. transverse and greenstick

dense, hard connective tissue

Bone tissue can be described as __________. A. cartilage B. skeletal system C. dense, hard connective tissue D. dead calcified tissue

beneath the periosteum

Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation ________. A. within the metaphysis B. in the epiphyseal plate C. in the medullary cavity D. beneath the periosteum

Epiphyseal plate

Bones grow in length due to the activity in the _________. A. periosteum B. medullary cavity C. epiphyseal plate D. perichondrium

Irregular

Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ___________ bones. A. flat B. irregular C. short D. sesamoid

vitamin D

Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if _______ is lacking. A. calcitonin B. vitamin D C. vitamin K D. fluoride

broken bone pierces the skin

In a compound fracture, ________________. A. the break occurs at an angle to the bone B. one fragment of broken bone is compressed into the other C. broken bone pierces the skin D. the broken bone does not tear the skin

lever

Long bones enable body movements by acting as a __________. A. lever B. fulcrum C. counterweight D. resistive force

tendons

Sesamoid bones are found in embedded in ______. A. muscles B. tendons C. ligaments D. joints

hole

The area of the bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking? A. canal B. fissure C. hole D. facet

Periosteum

The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bones is the _________. A. endosteum B. periosteum C. epiphysis D. diaphysis

bones and cartilage

The skeletal system is made of ___________. A. bones and cartilage B. vitreous humor C. minerals and fat D. muscles and tendons

osteoprogenitor cells

Which cells do not originate from osteogenic cells? A. osteocytes B. osteoprogenitor cells C. osteoblasts D. osteoclasts

lamellae

Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone? A. Haversian canals B. lacunae C. Haversian systems D. lamellae

osteoblasts and osteocytes

Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis? A. osteoblasts and osteocytes B. osteoblasts and osteoclasts C. osteogenic cells and osteoclasts D. osteocytes and osteoclasts

Trabeculae

Which of the following are only found in cancellous bone? A. calcium salts B. Volkmann's Canals C. canaliculi D. trabeculae

flat bones of the cranium

Which of the following bones is (are) formed by intramembranous ossification? A. ribs B. femur C. flat bones of the cranium D. metatarsals

fat stores

The diaphysis contains __________. A. fat stores B. compact bone C. spongy bone D. metaphysis

spongy

The first type of bone to form during fracture repair is ______ bone. A. lamellar B. dense C. spongy D. compact

trabecular bone

The internal and external cells are replaced by ____________. A. osteogenic cells B. osteoclasts C. hyaline cartilage D. trabecular bone

The yellow marrow in the diaphysis is exposed and damaged.

How can a fractured diaphysis release fat globules into the bloodstream? A. The bone pierces fat stores in the skin. B. The yellow marrow in the diaphysis is exposed and damaged. C. The injury triggers the body to release fat from healthy bones. D. The red marrow in the fractured bone releases fat to heal the fracture.

Nervous

When calcium levels are too high or too low, which body system is primarily affected? A. digestive B. endocrine C. skeletal D. nervous

long bone

Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton? A. short bone B. long bone C. sesamoid bone D. flat bone

cartilage

Which of the following can be found in areas of movement? A. red marrow B. hematopoiesis C. cartilage D. yellow marrow

estrogen and testosterone

Which of the following hormones are responsible for the adolescent growth spurt? A. calcitonin and calcitriol B. thyroxine and progesterone C. estrogen and testosterone D. growth hormone and parathyroid hormone

calcitonin

Which of the following is most likely to be released when blood calcium levels are elevated? A. vitamin D B. calcitonin C. thyroxine D. parathyroid hormone

hematopoiesis

Which of the following occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis? A. hematopoiesis B. bone growth C. shock absorportion D. bone remodeling

calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate? A. proliferation, reserved, maturation, calcification B. maturation, proliferation, reserved, calcification C. calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved D. calcification, reserved, proliferation, maturation

leafy green vegetables

Which one of the following foods is best for bone health? A. leafy green vegetables B. oranges C. liver D. carrots

Because it does not have a blood supply.

Why is cartilage slow to heal? A. Because it eventually develops into bone. B. Because it is semi-solid and flexible. C. Because endochondral ossification replaces all cartilage with bone. D. Because it does not have a blood supply.

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

With respect to their direct effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other? A. estrogen and progesterone B. calcitonin and calcitriol C. estrogen and testosterone D. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

make blood cells

Without red marrow, bones would not be able to _____________. A. store calcium B. move like levers C. store phosphate D. make blood cells

a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left

Wolff's law, which describes the effect of technical forces in bone modeling/remodeling, would predict that _______. A. a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left B. a broken bone will heal thicker than it was before the fracture C. a bed-ridden patient will have thicker bones than an athlete D. a right-handed cyclist will have thicker bones in her right leg compared to her left

an area of fat storage

Yellow marrow has been identified as __________. A. the hard portion of the bone B. the cause of kyphosis C. a point of attachment D. an area of fat storage