Chapter 7: Brazil

Trees absorb carbon dioxide and produces oxygen, and produces many modern medicines.

Why is it important to protect the Amazon rain forest?

The equator runs through it

Why is the climate so hot in the Amazon Basin?

Rains that fall north and south of the equator pours into the region.

What causes flooding in the Amazon lowlands?

Sugar cane

What crop did enslaved Native Americans help produce?

Ethanol

What do you call a fuel that can be made from sugar cane?

Social services

What do you call programs designed to help the poor?

Urban planning

What do you call the deliberate designing of a city?

Rubber, 1879-1912

What export came from Western Brazil and when?

Africans, Europeans, Portuguese, Catholics, and Christians.

What groups and traditions have shaped Brazilian culture?

Similar to the U.S. with a President (Executive Branch), Two houses (Legislative Branch), and Federal Supreme Court (Judicial Branch). President and Legislature voted in by the people.

What is the basic structure of Brazil's national government?

Market Economy

What is the financial system in which the prices of goods are set by demand, not by the government?

A Republic

What kind of government did Brazil adopt after the empire fell?

The lack of rain (water) and the abundance of heat

What might explain the lack of farming in certain areas?

Northeast region

What parts of Brazil experience drought and floods?

Brazilwood, sugar cane, gold, diamonds, coffee, and rubber

What products went through periods of boom and bust?

Africans, Native Americans, and Portuguese

What three cultures came together in Brazil?

1822

What year did Brazil become an empire under Pedro I?

1889

What year did Brazil become an independent republic?

1930

What year did Dictator Getulio Vargas overthrow the government?

1807

What year did Portugal's royal family flee to Brazil?

1500

What year did Portuguese explorers come to the land now known as Brazil?

1494

What year did the Treaty of Tordesillas give Portugal colonization rights to Brazil?

1888

What year did were all of the slaves in Brazil set free?

Coastal cities

Where do most Brazilians live?

The Andes

Where does the Amazon River begin?

The Atlantic Ocean, near Belem

Where does the Amazon River end?

The tropical wet and dry region

Which climate zone might be the poorest for crops?

They fled or died of European diseases

Why did the Portuguese replace Native American slaves with African slaves?

Savanna

A park-like landscape of grasslands, as well as forests; the Cerrado in the Brazilian Highlands.

Boom and bust cycle

A period of strong economic growth followed by a period of sharp decline

Brazilwood

A wood that produces a red dye

Export economy

An economy based on set up selling resources or goods to other nations by the Portuguese

Coup

An overthrow of the government

Curitiba

Brazil's "Green City"

Amazon River

Brazil's best-known physical feature that pours some 58 billion gallons of fresh water into the ocean every second.

Sao Paulo

Brazil's largest city

Rio de Janeiro

Brazil's second largest city

Favelas

Brazilian slums that are located in the outskirts of the city.

A region of plateaus and hills, and an area of wetlands to the west.

What is the landscape like in the south?

It goes from tropical wet and dry in the north to humid subtropical in the south.

How does climate differ in the south?

They no longer depend on one single product. They produce iron, manganese, tin, oil, natural gas, timber, rubber, diamonds, gold, vehicles, coffee, sugar cane, ethanol, and soybeans.

How has Brazil diversified its economy?

City center

In Brazilian cities, where are wealthy neighborhoods located?

Guiana Highlands and the Brazilian Highlands

Name the highland areas of Brazil

Amazon Basin and Pantanal

Name the lowland areas of Brazil

Abolitionists

People who are interested in ending slavery.

Igapo

Permanently flooded forests

Rubber, palm oil, and timber for furniture, flooring, and other products

Resource produced in the forest regions?

Ranchers raise cattle

Resources found in the dry northeast region and in the grasslands of the Brazilian Highlands?

Crops such as coffee, oranges, and soybeans

Resources grown in the southern and southeastern coastal areas?

Iron ore, bauxite, and gold

Resources produced in the Brazilian Highlands?

Varsea

Seasonally flooded forests

Treaty of the Tordesillas of 1494

Spain claimed all American lands west of a set line of longitude.

Amazon Basin

The land drained by the Amazon River, and is 2.7 million square miles.

Canopy

The upper leaves of rain forest trees, like a leafy tent.